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ECNU - CCE Examination > Color Flow And Doppler > Flashcards

Color Flow And Doppler Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Doppler Physics

Frequency shifted ____ by approaching target.

A

Up

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2
Q

Doppler Physics

Frequency shifted ____ by receding target.

A

Down

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3
Q

Is the degree of frequency shift proportional to velocity?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What are the modes of Doppler signal processing and display?

(Three)

A
  • Doppler frequency spectrum
  • Color flow
  • Power mode
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5
Q

What is the Doppler Effect?

A

The apparent change in the frequency of a wave caused by relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer.

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6
Q

What color is the Doppler when moving towards the target?

A

Blue

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7
Q

What color is the Doppler when moving away from the target?

A

Red

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8
Q

What are the two main uses of Doppler in thyroid ultrasonography?

A
  • Vascular (imaging and flow analysis of blood vessels)

- Vascularity of tissue

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9
Q

Doppler can be used to see vascularity of tissue to determine what four things?

A
  • Probability of Malignancy
  • Graves’ vs Thyroiditis
  • Amiodarone Thyrotoxicosis
  • Image Clarification
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10
Q

Spectral Doppler

What are the three types of velocities used for calculations?

A
  • Peak systolic velocity
  • End diastolic velocity
  • Mean velocity
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11
Q

Resistive Index = …

A

(Peak systolic velocity - end diastolic velocity) / peak systolic velocity

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12
Q

Pulsatility Index = …

A

(Peak systolic velocity - End diastolic velocity) / Mean velocity

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13
Q

What color is the power Doppler setting?

A

Different shades of red

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14
Q

What kind of information does color Doppler provide?

A

Provides information regarding direction and velocity.

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15
Q

What kind of studies is color Doppler more useful in?

A

Vascular studies

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16
Q

Does power Doppler give any information regarding velocity?

A

No

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17
Q

Does power Doppler have more or less angle dependence compared to color Doppler?

A

Less angle dependence

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18
Q

Does power Doppler have more or less noise compared to color Doppler?

A

Less noise

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19
Q

Does power Doppler have increased or decreased sensitivity for detection of flow compared to color Doppler?

A

Increased sensitivity for detection of flow.

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20
Q

Name one issue with Doppler usage?

A

User variability

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21
Q

How many grades are there on the Doppler grading scale?

A

4

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22
Q

Grading Scale:

1

A

Absent vascularity

rare with modern equipment

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23
Q

Grading Scale:

2

A

Mostly peripheral vascularity

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24
Q

Grading Scale:

3

A

Peripheral greater than intranodular

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25
Grading Scale: 4
Predominantly intranodular
26
Approximately what percentage of cancers have an intra-nodular vascular pattern?
74%
27
When is ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration recommended based on risk factors?
If independent risk factors are present.
28
What is recommended if no high risk features are present on ultrasound examination?
Follow-up with clinical and ultrasound evaluation.
29
Which has a better negative predictive value when predicting malignancy? Power Doppler or color Doppler...?
Power Doppler
30
What is more frequently seen in malignant nodules... Vascularity or no vascularity?
No vascularity
31
Benign or malignant? Taller than wide?
Malignant
32
Which type of thyroid cancer may power Doppler be predictive of?
Follicular cancer
33
Dense fibrosis is seen in ______ % of papillary carcinoma.
56 - 89%
34
Which type of blood flow is the only ultrasound feature predictive of cancer (follicular)?
Internal blood flow
35
Is there any significant correlation between the color Doppler pattern and the malignancy rate of solid round isoechoic nodules?
No significant correlation
36
What is the most important variable (on ultrasound) significantly associated with follicular neoplasms?
Irregular margins
37
Is the negative predictive value of Doppler sufficient to obliterate the need for FNA biopsy?
No
38
Which has greater sensitivity and is able to detect lower degrees of internal flow... Color Doppler or Power Doppler?
Power Doppler
39
What is type 1 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis?
Graves' disease like hyperthyroidism - in patients with pre-existing thyroid abnormality.
40
How is type 1 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis treated?
Thionamides and perchlorate.
41
Type 1 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis... Vascularity?
Normal or increased vascularity
42
What is type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis?
Destructive thyroiditis-like thyrotoxicosis
43
Type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis... Vascularity?
Absent vascularity
44
How is type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis treated?
Glucocorticoids
45
Which interleukin is often elevated in type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis?
Interleukin 6
46
Does type 1 or type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis cause elevated interleukin 6?
Type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
47
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Is the response rate to prednisone better when color Doppler flow is absent or present?
Absent
48
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. What should you treat the patient with when color Doppler flow is absent?
Prednisolone
49
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. What should you treat the patient with when color Doppler flow is present?
Thionomides and perchlorate.
50
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. What should you treat the patient with if they are unresponsive to your initial treatment?
Combination therapy / surgery
51
When an interface is moving with respect to the reflected sound wave, the frequency of the reflected sound is altered. True or false?
True
52
What is the peak systolic velocity in 'thyroid inferno'?
8 - 20 cm/sec
53
What is the peak systolic velocity in 'thyrotoxicosis factitia'?
3 - 5 cm/sec
54
What is 'thyrotoxicosis factitia'?
Minimal intrathyroidal vascular flow in thyrotoxicosis
55
Destructive thyroiditis usually has low vascularity. True or false?
True
56
What is the 'gold standard' to diagnose the etiology of thyrotoxicosis?
Radioactive iodine uptake
57
In normal nodes where do vessels enter?
Centrally at the hilus
58
In normal nodes, which axis do vessels spread along?
The long axis
59
Where do vessels enter malignant nodes?
Enter peripherally in the node capsule.
60
Benign or malignant? Increased or disordered vascularity seen peripherally and centrally in the lymph node.
Malignant
61
Which two settings increase sensitivity for detection of low flow (when doing Doppler of nodes)?
- Low wall filter | - Low pulse repetition frequency
62
Which glands have polar arteries?
Parathyroid glands
63
Does lack of flow in a follicular lesion make malignancy more or less likely?
Less likely
64
Is vascularity relevant in lesions suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma?
No

ECNU - CCE Examination (13 decks)

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