Color Vision And Health Assessment

Question 1

What colors can infants differentiate?

Answer 1

Black, white and red

Question 2

What additional colors can 1 month olds differentiate?

Answer 2

Blue and green from gray

Question 3

What additional colors can babies distinguish at 3 months?

Answer 3

Yellow, green, and blue from gray

Question 4

All color books have a test plate that everyone can see… why?

Answer 4

See if the child understands the test, identify malingerer

Question 5

What does HRR allow you to quantify?

Answer 5

Mild medium and strong protan/deutan and medium or strong tritan

Question 6

What happens if a child misses any of the screening plates?

Answer 6

Do the entire book, add up the columns and the last column with error is the severity

Question 7

What is color vision testing made easy by Waggoner?

Answer 7

Idk really, simple pictures and symbols

Question 8

What do the ishihara plates distinguish?

Answer 8

R/G defect, the last plates can differentiate deutan from protan and strong from mild

Question 9

What does the D-15 differentiate?

Answer 9

Protan from deutan from tritan, graphical results by number

Question 10

Which color tests are reimbursable?

Answer 10

D15 and Computer color vision

Question 11

What do computer color vision tests differentiate?

Answer 11

Cone function by wavelength, can monitor changes over time

Question 12

What tests are involved in the health assessment?

Answer 12

Pupils, visual fields, anterior segment, IOP, posterior segment/dilation

Question 13

What are two reasons for pupil testing?

Answer 13

Required for exam billing, detects neurological problems

Question 14

T/F infants have miotic, sluggish pupils

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is one way to examine pupils in infants?

Answer 15

Use DO

Question 16

What are two reasons for visual field testing?

Answer 16

Required for exam billing and finds problems with peripheral vision

Question 17

What is an example of a disease, developmental condition and congenital/acquired condition that affects the visual field?

Answer 17

Ds: retinitis pigmentosa, develop: cerebral palsy, congenital/aqu: strokes, TBI, tumor

Question 18

How is visual field testing done in infants?

Answer 18

Have child fixate central target and bring additional target from periphery, child should observe it, MUST BE NON AUDITORY

Question 19

How is visual field testing done in preschoolers?

Answer 19

Counting fingers, often they look

Question 20

How is visual field testing done in school age children?

Answer 20

Counting fingers and adding fingers

Question 21

At what age can an automated visual field be used?

Answer 21

8 years

Question 22

What are reasons for IOP assessment?

Answer 22

Required exam element, glaucoma, trauma, steroid use

Question 23

What are the four steroid administrations and which two have the greatest risk for IOP increase?

Answer 23

Topical, oral, nasal, and inhaled— risk topical and oral

Question 24

What is the gold standard for IOP?

Answer 24

Goldmann

Question 25

What are four methods of IOP assessment?

Answer 25

Goldmann, I-care, Non Contact tonometer, digital

Question 26

What are ways to assess the anterior segment in children?

Answer 26

Slit lamp on parent’s lamp, hand held slit lamp, direct and 20 D, shadow test for angles

Question 27

How long do you have to wait for dilation and cycloplegia in a child?

Answer 27

20-40 mins and 30-40 mins respectively

Question 28

How can you view the posterior pole in children?

Answer 28

20 D

Question 29

If not able to get 78 or 90 what should you try?

Answer 29

Direct, pan optic

Question 30

What are the anesthetic drops?

Answer 30

Proparacaine, tetracaine, benoxinate

Question 31

What are anesthetic used for?

Answer 31

Comfort, increase absorption of subsequent gtts because the cornea softens

Question 32

What are the side effects of anesthetic?

Answer 32

Irregular heart beat, dizziness, nausea, swelling of lid, SOB

Question 33

T/F the -caines have cross sensitivity but benoxinate does not

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What are the anticholinergic drops?

Answer 34

Tropicamide, cyclopentolate, and atropine

Question 35

What dose of tropicamide is used?

Answer 35

0.5-1%, less for light irides, minimal side effects

Question 36

What does of cyclopentolate is used?

Answer 36

0.5% for infants and 1% for over 1 year

Question 37

What is the limit of cyclopentolate?

Answer 37

No more than 3 gtts in each eye due to risk of toxic CNS effects, other adverse reactions include drowsiness, ataxia, restlessness, visual hallucinations, hypersensitivity in Down syndrome, seizures

Question 38

What is the max duration of cyclopentolate?

Answer 38

8 hrs

Question 39

What are the FDA approved uses of atropine?

Answer 39

Dilation, cycloplegia, uveitis

Question 40

What are the additional clinical uses of atropine?

Answer 40

Amblyopia, hyphema, myopia control

Question 41

What is the dose of atropine?

Answer 41

1%

Question 42

What are adverse reactions to atropine?

Answer 42

HA, tachycardia, dry mouth, flushing, confusion, coma

Question 43

What is the duration of atropine?

Answer 43

7-14 days

Question 44

What is the direct acting adrenergic agonist/sympathomimetic?

Answer 44

Phenylephrine

Question 45

Why is phenylepherine different than the other dilation drops?

Answer 45

No cycloplegia

Question 46

What are adverse reactions to phenylepherine?

Answer 46

Tachycardia, BP changes in premature/LBW

Question 47

What is recommended use for phenylepherine not to exceed?

Answer 47

No more than 2 gtts 5 mins apart