Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pediatrics > Learning Difficulties > Flashcards

Learning Difficulties Flashcards

1
Q

How are learning disorders diagnosed?

A

DSM, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are specific learning disorders?

A

neurodevelopmental learning disabilities than begin during school-age but may not be recognized until adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What areas are affected by specific learning disorders?

A

reading, writing, math

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of school aged children have a specific learning disorder?

A

5-15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Of students with specific learning disorders what percent have language based disabilities aka dyslexia?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Of students with specific learning disorders how many also have problems with attention?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What gender has more specific learning disorders?

A

males>females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is necessary for diagnosing a specific learning disorder?

A

difficulties for 6+ months despite help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are examples of specific learning disorder difficulties?

A

reading, comprehension, spelling, written expression, understanding number concepts, mathematical reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do specific learning disorders affect school?

A

skills below age expected and cause problems in school/work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Specific learning disorders are not due to…

A

intellectual disability, vision or hearing problems, neurological condition, economic or environmental disadvantage, lack of instruction, language barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are risk factors for learning disabilities?

A

FMHx, malnutrition, low birth weight, neonatal complications, maternal drug use during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does dyslexia mean in greek?

A

difficult speech, but generally term used for reading not speech issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a theory of dyslexia?

A

right brain strengths aka conceptual reasoning not left brain strengths (spelling, reading, writing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a definition of dyslexia?

A

difficulty connecting letters seen on a page with the sounds they make, reading becomes a slow, effortful process and not fluent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is true of visual deficits in children with developmental dyslexia?

A

those with dyslexia had more accommodative, oculomotor, and vergence problems than those without dyslexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is dysphonesia?

A

spelling errors that are not phonetic, problem with attacking words phonetically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are characteristics of dysphonesia?

A

child may make semantic substitutions when reading, unfamiliar words are difficult, difficulty with rules of phonics and maybe good recollection of words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is dyseidesia?

A

spelling errors are phonetic, reading is slow because child has to decode phonetically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are characteristics of dyseidesia?

A

irregularly spelled words are more difficult, reading laborious, whole word coding problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T/F there can dyslexia in 1 language but not another

A

true, english lots of dyslexia, turkish/chinese less dyslexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F optometrists can diagnose dyslexia

A

false OD cannot diagnose dyslexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why may ODs help with dyslexia?

A

dyslexia is a multi-sensory problem, can address visual aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who does most of the treatment for dyslexia?

A

speech/language pathologist with possible some vision therapy for visual components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the two common dyslexia treatments?
orton-gillingham and wilson reading system
26
What does dyslexia treament involve?
multisensory tasks- seeing, touching, saying, hand movements, sound cards, word cards, syllabic drills
27
What are outside tests to ID learning/reading problems?
psychoeducational test aka standardized tests, comparison of children to peers, assessment of Hx, cognitive function, academic achievement and emotional function
28
What is Weschler IQ testing?
Full scale is broken down into performance and verbal
29
What is performance IQ?
perceptual organization and processing speed
30
What is verbal IQ?
verbal comprehension and working memory
31
What is the Stanford-Binet IQ test?
Full scale IQ broken down into non verbal and verbal IQ with 10 subtests
32
T/F nonverbal and performance IQs are basically the same thing
true, the opposite of verbal
33
Why should you compare verbal and performance scores?
prognosis for therapy- verbal deficit=language based, performance deficit= OD help with perceptual tests
34
What is the average IQ?
100 +/- 15 aka 85-115
35
What percentile is between +1 and -1 SD from the mean in normal distribution?
16%ile to 84%ile
36
What percent is between +1 and -1 SD from the mean in a normal distribution?
68%
37
What percent is between +2 and -2 SD from the mean and what %ile?
95% aka 2%ile to 98%ile
38
What is the raw score in standardized testing?
actual number correct/incorrect, need to use raw score to determine the percentile rank or grade/age equivalent
39
What does a raw score not tell you?
how a child did in relation to others
40
What is a percentile ranking ?
comparison relative to 100 children NOT percent correct
41
What is grade equivalency?
grade level for this child based on testing
42
What is age equivalency?
age level for this child based on testing
43
What percentile is average?
50%
44
What is low average and high average in percentiles?
-1 and +1 SD from average aka 16%ile to 84%ile
45
What is a standard score?
set of scores with the same mean and SD so they van be compared, ex: IQ, mean=100 SD=15, can convert to percentile from a table
46
What is a scaled score?
scale 1-19, mean score 10 aka 50%ile, SD 3
47
What are tests that use scaled scores?
WISC, TVPS
48
How can a scaled score be determined?
from a Z score, 10+ 3Z
49
Can a scaled score be considered to a percentile from a table?
yes
50
How do you calculate Z scores?
raw score-mean/standard deviation
51
What percentile is Z=0?
50%ile
52
What percentile is Z=+1?
84%ile
53
What percentile is Z=-1?
16%ile
54
Why might time be a negative Z score?
because the time is slow/high
55
What four things are involved in academic success?
IQ, acuity/accommodation/vergence/oculomotor , visual perceptual, environment
56
What constitutes environment in relation to academic success?
access, language, attendance, hunger
57
What is an IEP?
individualized education plan
58
What law established IEP?
individuals with disabilities education act 2006 aka IDEA
59
What children are eligible for special education services?
autism, hearing impaired, vision impaired, emotionally disturbed, brain injury, multiple disability, orthopedic disability
60
What does IDEA ensure?
children with disabilities have free, appropriate, public education that emphasizes special education and related services to meet their unique needs, prepare for further education, employment etc
61
What does an IEP do?
addresses child's unique learning issues, specialized instruction and services, legally binding, only for public schools, reviewed annually
62
Which is legally binding, IEP or 504?
IEP
63
Who writes and IEP report?
parents, teacher, special ed teacher, school district representatitve, school psychologist child if 16+, outside professional (OD), friend, interpreter
64
What do IEP reports contain?
test results=present level of performance, measurable goals, accommodations/modification to learning/special services
65
What is the legal basis of 504 plan?
Section 504 of rehabilitation act of 1973 aka federal civil rights law prohibits discrimination against public school students with disabilit/handicap
66
What does a 504 plan do?
levels the playing field
67
Who is eligible for a 504 plan?
physical/mental impairment (walk, see, read, write, self-care, speak) also covers ADHD, and learning disabilities
68
How does a 504 plan compare to an IEP?
less detailed, annual review is not required, reviews information from a doctor exam/observations, and makes recommendations
69
What specialists may ODs refer to for language disabilities?
developmental pediatrician, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech language pathologist
70
What does a developmental pediatrician do?
developmental, behavioral, learning related problems, if child's behavior is very behind for expected age
71
What does an occupational therapist do?
works on fine motor skills, activities of daily living, sensory issues
72
What does a physical therapist do?
works on gross motor skills, balance problems, CP, CVA
73
Who might an OD get a referral from?
OT or PT if head tilt
74
What does a speech language pathologist do?
helps with pronunciation problems, reading problems, history of frequent ear infections
75
What are symptoms of acuity problems?
blurry vision, squinting
76
What are symptoms of binocularity problems?
double vision, words move, HA when reading, cover eye, rereads, tired when reading
77
What are symptoms of accommodation?
blurry vision when reading, N-->F and F-->N blur, HA when reading, red eyes, tired
78
What are symptoms of oculomotors?
loss of place, rereads, uses fingers

Pediatrics (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions