comm-25 final review Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

What is argumentation?

A

essential in a democratic society and democratic political systems where citizens make decisions on complex issues

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2
Q

Argumentation

A

the reasoning aspect

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3
Q

Persuasion

A

the passionate or emotional aspect

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4
Q

What are ethics?

A

Morally-based rules (A set of values focused on motives)

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5
Q

Elm model

A

Looking at different perspectives on communication

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6
Q

Peripheral

A

based on cues

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7
Q

Central route

A

based on understanding and building a connection

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8
Q

what did Aristotle contribute

A

defined rhetoric and created modes
of proof

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9
Q

Ethos

A

ethical appeal,

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10
Q

Pathos

A

emotional appeal

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11
Q

Logos

A

logic or reasoning

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12
Q

burden of proof

A

which side in a debate must prove the established view is wrong

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13
Q

Inherency

A

a barrier that keeps harm from being solved in the status quo

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14
Q

proposition

A

identifies the topic and argument

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15
Q

Factual propositions

A

usually argued on the basis of
trends.

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16
Q

Value propositions

A

look at artifacts that reflect
society’s values (the American Flag).

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17
Q

Policy propositions

A

look at existing propositions and those of the past created satisfaction or dissatisfaction to identify where a change is needed.

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18
Q

Singular propositions

A

looks at one topic

19
Q

Comparative propositions

A

compares two topics.

20
Q

Value object

A

the topic being evaluated

21
Q

Value Judgment

A

the evaluation made

22
Q

define terms and add clarity

A

the typical way a term is used, a qualified authority, the operation of a term, negation, compare and contrast, derivation.

23
Q

Stock Issues

A

the answers the affirmative must answer for a given proposition and the negative must poke holes in.

24
Q

Primary inference

A

the conclusion you draw about what you believe the proposition means based on the information contained in definitions of key terms.

25
immediate cause
often created by a tragic event that occurs, but there is a need for facts and evidence (proposition of fact)
26
historical background
discovered by researching the history, consequences, or traditions.
27
Toulmin method
breaks arguments down into six component parts: claim, grounds, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, and backing
28
primary triads
a major third interval comes before a minor third interval
29
secondary triads
a minor third interval comes before a major third interval
30
Claim
A conclusion not sufficient alone, but requires proof and reasoning before the audience will accept it.
31
FACTUAL CLAIM
Argue what is or will be. Focus on things that can be verified.
32
DEFINITIONAL CLAIM
used to provide clear definitions and specific insight about a topic or how it should be categorized.
33
VALUE CLAIM
Shows the arguers evaluation or judgment; Shares the opinion or attitude of arguer about a given topic.
34
POLICY CLAIM
States that an action should be taken or behavior changed.
35
fallacy
is an error in reasoning
36
Hasty Generalization
lacking sufficient examples or reasons before jumping to a conclusion about something.
37
Irrelevant Arguments
Known as “non sequiturs”; it is adding in information that is not relevant to the argument.
38
Ad Hominem Argument
Attacking the person and shifts the attention from the issue to the person presenting the argument
39
Straw Man Fallacy
An arguer puts forth a similar, but more easily rejected point to the opponent and then attacks it.
40
loaded question
Leads to a conclusion with no positive outcome
41
Appeal to authority
An argument that looks to an expert that may not be an expert in that particular field.
42
Ad populum
Appeal to the people-also known as bandwagon.
43
Ambiguity and equivocation
a word has more than one meaning and can lead to misunderstanding.
44
Prima facie
describe the nature of something at first observation