Comm test 3: infectious disease

Question 0

breaking the chain of infection

Answer 0

• controlling agent
• eradication the non-human reservoir
• controlling the human reservoir
• controlling portals of exit and entry
• improve host resistance and immunity

Question 1

1. Mode of transmission
2. Portal of entry
3. Susceptible host
4. Infectious Agent
5. Reservoir
6. Portal of exit

Answer 1

Chain of Infection

Question 2

: whatever is the cause - eliminate it or make it difficult to survive (medications)

Answer 2

Controlling agent

Question 3

Improve host resistance and immunity:

Answer 3

healthy lifestyle

Question 4

Eradicating the Non-Human Reservoir:

Answer 4

spray vegetation or treat water where bugs live

Question 5

Controlling the Human Reservoir:

Answer 5

no co-morbidities

Question 6

Controlling portals of exit and entry:

Answer 6

coughing, wounds………

Question 7

• person-to-person, by the host. Ex: std, aids

Answer 7

Direct transmission

Question 8

-agents transferred by something other than host, contaminated objects Ex: Bed bugs =toys, bedding, or clothing / tb

Answer 8

Indirect transmission

Question 9

• passing of the infection from parent to offspring via: sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in the vaginal canal. Ex: transplacental transmission of HIV and syphilis

Answer 9

Vertical Transmission

Question 10

– non human organism, by biting or depositing infective material near the host Ex: ticks, mosquitos, snails

Answer 10

Vector Transmission

Question 11

-occurs when the host is resistant to the agent, species determined Ex: opossums rarely contract rabies

Answer 11

Natural

immunity

Question 12

-the resistance in the host develops after being infected by natural exposure with agent Ex: measles won’t have it again

Answer 12

Acquired immunity

Question 13

-immunizations with live or killed organisms of the agent, antibodies are produced by the host Ex: childhood vaccines
Days to weeks to dev

Answer 13

Active/Artificial immunity

Question 14

-transfer of immunization from an immunized host to a non-immunized individual Ex: mother to infant
Immediate protection, short lived

Answer 14

Passive immunity

Question 15

immunity of a group, resistance of a group of ppl to invasion and spread of an infectious agent, higher immunization coverage will lead to greater Ex: small pox

Answer 15

Herd immunity

Question 16

-the potential of transmission of infection from host to other hosts Ex: individual with measles are very infectious= airborne droplets

Answer 16

Infectiousness immunity

Question 17

– consistent, expected level of a disease/event in the population or geographic area
-usually have some cases of the disease regardless of anything else, baseline number. Ex: pertussis in US, foodborne botulism in Alaska

Answer 17

endemic

Question 18

• a higher level of an endemic event Ex: cholera incidence rate among Asians and Pacific islanders

Answer 18

hyperendemic

Question 19

– unexpected occurrence of an infectious disease in a limited geographic area during a limited period of time. Ex: yellow fever in Philadelphia 1793

Answer 19

outbreak

Question 20

– a clear, unexpected increase of an infectious disease in a geographic over a given period of time, excess of normal expectancy (Similar to outbreak. Use outbreak at beginning and then switch to epidemic when it goes on and on and grows.) Ex: polio just one case- is supposed to be eradicated

Answer 20

epidemic

Question 21

– steady occurrence of a disease that is spread through countries and/or worldwide Ex: aids/hiv, H1N1

Answer 21

pandemic

Question 22

• a highly prevalent problem that is commonly acquired early in life and decreases as age increases. Ex: malaria in sub-Saharan Africa 75% of deaths were children, trachoma in villages of Saudi Arabia

Answer 22

holoendemic

Question 23

• irregular pattern with occasional cases found at irregular intervals. Ex: Cerebro-spinal meningitis

Answer 23

sporadic

Question 24

- a group affected by being exposed to the agent Ex: Something in the water that the affected drank All from the same place

Answer 24

common source outbreak

Question 25

- all persons exposed become ill at the same time during one incubation period. Ex: chicken pox

Answer 25

Point source outbreak

Question 26

- common source and secondary exposure related to person-person contact Ex: influenza

Answer 26

mixed outbreak

Question 27

- exposed over a period of days/weeks. Ex: tainted green onions from Olive Garden - large area.

Answer 27

intermittent or continuous source

Question 28

- no common source, spreads gradually from person to person over more than one incubation period. Ex: tb

Answer 28

propagated outbreak

Question 29

- associated with the CDC, collects data from all 50 states, federal.

Answer 29

National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS)

Question 30

- statewide system of monitoring infectious/communicable disease.

Answer 30

National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS

Question 31

- part of the state system, reports of disease are sent to local health department - then state health department - then federal - then CDC - then WHO

Answer 31

Passive system

Question 32

nurse reports directly and gathers all information

Answer 32

Active system-

Question 33

- monitors trends of a disease or key health indicators

Answer 33

Sentinel system

Question 34

- special system to gather specific type of information. Ex; Persons with H1N1 flu who think Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.

Answer 34

Syndromic surveillance system

Question 35

public health control of disease

Answer 35

control elimination eradication

Question 36

= reduction of incidence or prevalence of a disease to an acceptable level as a result of health care intervention.

Answer 36

control

Question 37

= control of an infectious disease within a specified geographic area (country or region) and incidence is reduced to near zero due to deliberate effort. Ex: after vaccination – little or no incidence of the disease is seen in the following year.

Answer 37

elimination

Question 38

= reducing the worldwide incidence of a disease to zero, irreversible termination of all transmission of infection by extermination of infectious agent worldwide ex: small pox

Answer 38

eradication

Question 39

-prevention programs and control measures to reduce the prevalence of disease. Example-Immunizations have dramatically decreased mumps, measles, pertussis, polio, and rubella.

Answer 39

Infection Control | Goal

Question 40

Vaccine preventable infections

Answer 40

Vaccine Preventable Diseases ( Identify a selection) Anthrax, Cervical cancer, HPV, Haemophilus influenza, Hepatitis A and B, Measles, Meningococcus, Mumps, Pertussus, Pneumococcus, Poliomyelitis, Rabies, Rotavirus, Rubella, Shingles, Smallpox, Tetanus, TB, Varicella

Question 41

-Pursuing a Global Commitment to Develop 10 New Antibacterial Drugs by 2020 -Newest initiative of IDSA -Development of drug resistant microorganisms -antibiotics as miracle drugs Don’t misuse antibiotics= importance of pt edu - group of infections that cause most US hospital infections (2/3 of all healthcare associated infections) and escape antibacterial drugs

Answer 41

10X2020 | Eskape

Question 42

A. : Immunizations, Sanitization in community, Employment regulations, Programs and services

Answer 42

Primary Prevention eskape

Question 43

B. Early detection of disease, screenings, Legal enforcement through regulation, Comfort measures, Exclusion from school

Answer 43

Secondary Prevention: eskape

Question 44

C. Rehabilitation of lingering dysfunction from the disease process

Answer 44

Tertiary Prevention: Eskape

Question 45

10/2020 eskap drug

Answer 45

Ex: 6 bacteria: E faecium, S. Aureas, K. pneumonia, A. Baumalloi, pseudomonas aerginosa, enterobacter species