Common Brain lesions Flashcards
Frontal Lobe
Disinhibtion and deficits in concentration, orientation, and judgement
May have remergence of primitive reflexes
Loss of working memory, planning, motivation, curiosity and personality
Disorganized: insight, abstract reasoning, working memory and planning
disinhibited: judgement, concentration, inhibition of inappropriate behavior, foresight and delayed gratification apathetic: motivation, spontaneity, curiosity, mental flexibility, and personality
R. parietal temporal cortex
Spatial neglect syndrome (loss of sensory of the contralateral side of the world)
Left Parietal temporal cortex
Agraphia-can’t communicate through writing, cant do simple math, finger loss of sensory, and left to right disorientation
Reticular activating system
Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (left-right disorientation)
Mamillary bodies
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, memory loss (permanent)-anterograde and retrograde, confabulation (permanent), personality changes
associated with thiamine defiency and excessive ethanol use
Can be precipitated by giving glucose
Part of papez circuit involved in emotion and memory
Treat with IV thiamine
Can also have damage to anterior and dosomedial thalamic nuclei
Basal ganglia
Tremor at rest, chorea, or athetosis
Cerebellar hemisphere
Intention tremor, limb ataxia, and loss of balance
Damage to cerebellum results in ipsilateral deficits-fall toward side of lesion
Lateral lesions affect lateral limbs
Cerebellar vermis
Truncal ataxia, dysarthia
Central affects central part of body
Subthalamic nucleus
Contralateral hemiballismus
Hippocampus
Anterograde amnesia-inability to make new memories
Paramedian pontine reticular formation
Eyes look away from side of lesion
Frontal eye fields
Eyes look toward side of lesion
Clasp knife spasticity
Initial resistance to passive extension followed by sudden release of resistance
Lack of UMN inhibition-increased tone, hyperreflexia, and positive Babinski sign
Can affect any part of pyramidal motor system-corticospinal tracts, medulla, pons and midbrain, internal capsule and precentral gyrus
Globus Pallidus
external segment-decreased motion/movement
Internal segment-increased motion/movement
Putamen
Contralateral tremor, bradykinesia, and regidity
Wilson’s disease
