Common CV drugs Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
what are 3 examples of anti-cholesterol drugs?
A
1) statins
2) fibres
3) PCSK 9 Inhibitors
2
Q
what are 2 examples of statin drugs?
A
1) simvastatin
2) atorvastatin
3
Q
what are 2 examples of PCSK9 inhibitors?
A
1) evolocumab
2) alirocumab
4
Q
what are 4 types of drugs used as anti-hypersensitive drugs?
A
1) thiazide diuretics
2) beta blockers
3) vasodilators
4) mineralocorticoid antagonists
5
Q
what are the 4 example of vasodilators that act as anti-hypersensitive drugs?
A
1) calcium antagonists
2) alpha blockerrs
3) ACE inhibitors (ACEI)
4) angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)
6
Q
what is an example statin drug used as an anti-cholesterol?
A
Simvastatin
7
Q
what is the drug simvastatin, an anti-cholesterol drug, do?
A
blocks HMG CoA reductase
8
Q
when is the drug simvastatin, an anti-cholesterol drug, used?
A
Used in;
- hyper-cholesterolaemia
- diabetes
- angina/MI
- CVA/TIA
- High risk of MI & CVA
9
Q
what are the side effects of the drugs simvastatinn, an anti-cholesterol drug?
A
- myopathy
- rhabdomyolysis … renal failure
10
Q
what is an example fibrate drugs used as an anti-cholesterol?
A
Bezafibrate
11
Q
when is the drug bezafibrate, the anti-cholesterol drug, used?
A
Used in;
- hyper-triglyceridaemia
- low HDL cholesterol
12
Q
what is familial hypercholesterolemia?
what are the symptoms?
A
a genetic conditioning characterised by high cholesterol levels
- it makes the body unable to remove low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from the blood.
Symptoms;
- visible cholesterol on the skin e.g. eyes
13
Q
what type of anti-cholesterol drug is used to treat family hyper-cholesterolaemia?
A
PCSK 9 inhibitors
14
Q
how do the PCSK 9 inhibitors work?
A
= inhibit the binding of PCSK 9 to LDLR, PCSK9 inhibitor increasing the number roof lDLRs available to clear LDL, thereby lowering LDL-C levels
15
Q
what is hypertension?
A
abnormally high blood pressure
16
Q
RECAP
- What are the 4 types of drugs that are anti-hypersensitive used to treat hypertension?
A
1) thiazide diuretics
2) beta blockers
3) vasodilators
4) mineralocorticoid antagonist
17
Q
What do Diuretics do?
A
they block Na re-absorption in the kidneys
18
Q
what are the 2 types of dietetics?
A
1) thiazide diuretics
2) loop dietetics
19
Q
what is the stronger diuretic - loop or thiazide diuretic?
A
LOOP diuretic is STRONGER.
- thiazide are milder
20
Q
what is an example drug of a thiazide diuretic?
A
bendrofluazide
21
Q
when is the drug bendrofluazide, thiazide diuretic, used?
A
used in hypertension
22
Q
what is an example of a drug used as a loop diuretic?
A
furosemide
23
Q
when is the frug furosemide, loop diuretic used?
A
used in heart failure
24
Q
what are the side effects of diuretics?
A
1) hypokalaemia = tiredness
2) arrhythmias (low K+)
3) hyperglycaemia = diabetes
4) increased uric acid = gout
5) impotence
25
what are the 2 beta receipts that beta blockers can block??
1) B1 adrenoceptor
| 2) B2 adrennoceptor
26
what are the 2 types of beta blockers?
1) cardioselective Beta blockers
| 2) non-selective beta blockers
27
what type of receptor do cardio-selective beta blockers block?
Beta 1 receptor
28
what are 2 example drugs of cardio-selective beta Blockers?
1) atenolol
| 2) bisoprolol
29
when are the drugs atenolol & bisoprolol, cardioselective beta blockers used?
1) angina
2) acute coronary syndrome
3) myocardial infarction
4) hypetension
5) heart failure
30
what type of receptor do non-selective beta blockers block?
block B1 and B2 receptors
31
what are 2 example drugs of non-selective beta blockers used?
1) propranolol
| 2) carvedilol
32
when are the drugs propranolol and carvedilol, non-selective beta blockers used?
used in;
1) migraines
2) thyrotoxicosis
33
what are the side effects of beta blockers?
1) tired
2) heart failure
- they can worsen heart failure in short term, especially in cardiogenic shock
3) cold peripheries
34
RECAP;
| - what are the 4 types of drugs used as vasodilators which act as anti-hypersensitive drugs?
1) calcium antagonists
2) alpha blockers
3) ace inhibitors
4) angiotensin receptor blockers
35
what are the 2 types of calcium antagonists?
1) dihydropyridines
| 2) rate limiting calcium antagonists
36
what is an example drug of dihydropyridines, a calcium antagonist?
amlodipine
37
when is the drug amlodipine, dihydropyridine a calcium antagonists used?
1) hypertension
| 2) angina
38
what are the side effects of the drug amlodipine, dihydropyridine a calcium antagonists?
1) ankle oedema
39
what are 2 example drugs of rate limiting calcium antagonists, a calcium antagonist?
1) verapamil
| 2) diltiazem
40
when are the drugs verapamil & diltiazem , rate limiting calcium antagonists, a calcium antagonists used?
1) hypertension
2) angina
3) supra-ventricular arrhythmias (AF, SVT)
41
what drug should not be used in combination with drugs verapamil & diltiazem , rate limiting calcium antagonists, a calcium antagonists?
beta blockers
42
what do angiotensin convening enzyme inhibitors do?
= block angiotensin I which would become angiotensin II
43
what is an example drug of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor?
Lisinopril
44
when is the lisinopril drug, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor used?
1) hypertension
| 2) heart failure
45
when is the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor good and bad for kidneys?
Good for kidneys;
= in diabetic nephropathy
Bad for kidneys;
= in renal artery stenosis
46
what are the side effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?
1) cough
2) renal dysfunction
3) angioneurotic oedema
47
when should the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors never be used?
never used in pregnancy induced hypertension
48
what do angiotensin receptor blockers block?
block angiotensin II receptors
49
what is an example drug for an angiotensin receptor blocker?
losartan
50
when are angiotensin receptor blockers used?
1) hear failure
| 2) hypertension
51
when is the angiotensin receptor blocker good and bad for kidneys?
Good for kidneys;
= in diabetic nephropathy
Bad for kidneys;
= in renal senses
52
what are the side effects of angiotensin receptor blocker?
1) renal dysfunction
| 2) no cough
53
when should angiotensin receptor blockers never be used?
in pregnancy induced hypertension
54
what do alpha blockers block?
they block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation
55
when are alpha blockers used?
1) hypertension
| 2) prostatic hypertrophy
56
what is an example drug used as an alpha blocker?
= doxazosin
57
what are the side effects of alpha blockers?
postural hypotension
58
what do mineralocorticoid antagonists do?
block aldosterone receptors
59
give examples of mineralocorticoid antagonists used?
| what are mineralocorticoid antagonists used?
1) eplerenone
2) sprinolactone
- used in heart failure & resistant hypertension
60
what are the side effects of mineralocorticoid antagonists?
1) renal impairment
2) hyperkalaemia
3) gynaecomastia
61
what are 3 types of anti-anginal drugs that could be used?
1) vasodilators
2) slow heart rate
3) metabolic modulator
62
what are 3 examples of vasodilator, anti-anginal, drugs?
1) nitrates
2) nicorandil
3) calcium antagonists
63
what 3 drugs slow heart rate, anti-anginal drugs?
1) beta blockers
2) calcium antagonists
3) ivabradine
64
what is an example of a metabolic modulator, anti-anginal drug?
Ranolazine
65
In the category nitrates, which is a vasodilator, what is a type of nitrate used?
veno-dilator
66
what is an example veno-dilator, a type of nitrate which is a vasodilator?
Isosorbide monorirate
67
when are venodilators, a nitrate which is a vasodilator used?
1) angina
| 2) acute heart failure
68
what are the side effects of venodilators, a nitrate which is a vasodilator?
- headache
| - hypotension/collapse
69
what is the tolerance of venodilators, a nitrate which is a vasodilator?
Leave 8hour/day nitrate-free
70
what do nicorandils, a vasodilator drug, do?
a K+ ATP channel activator
71
what are the side effects of nicorandils, a vasodilator?
- headache
| - mouth / GI ulcers
72
what does the drug ivabradine, a drug that slows the heart rate, do?
- If channel modulator in the sinus node.
73
where does the dug ivabradine, a dug that slows the heart rate, work?
- it only slows the heart rate in sinus rhythm.
| - it does NOT work in atrial fibrillation
74
what is a possible side effect of the drug ivabradine, a drug that slows the heart rate?
visual disturbances
75
what does the drug ranolazine, a metabolic modulator do?
= a late sodium channel modulator
| = decreases calcium load on heart
76
in what type of angina is the drug ranolazine, a metabolic modulator, effective?
effective in REFRACTORY anginna
77
what is acute coronary syndrome?
= describes a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart.
78
what are 4 common anit-thrombotic drugs?
1) anti-platelet drugs
2) anti-coagulants
3) Fibrinolytic's
4) Warfarin
79
name 4 types of anti-platelet drugs?
1) aspirin
2) clopidogrel
3) prasugrel
4) ticagrelor
80
name 2 types of ani-coagulant drugs?
1) heparin
| 2) fondaparinux
81
how is the drug fondaparinux, an anti-coagulant, usually administered?
sub-cutaneously
82
what are 3 other drugs that perform a similar function to warfarin?
1) Rivaroxaban
2) dabigatran
3) Edoxaban
83
how is the drug edoxaban usually administered?
oral
84
what are 2 types of fibrinolytic drugs?
1) tPA
| 2) streptokinase
85
what do the 4 anti-platelet agents;, aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor and prasugrel prevent?
all prevent new thrombosis
86
in what cases are the 4 anti-platelet agents;, aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor and prasugrel used?
1) angina
2) acute MI
3) CVA/TIA
4) patients @ high risk of MI & CVA
87
what are the side effects of the 4 anti-platelet agents;, aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor and prasugrel?
- haemorrhage anywhere
- peptic ulcer = haemorrhage
- aspirin sensitivity = asthma
88
what are 4 types of anti-coagulant drugs thats prevent new thrombosis & how are they taken?
1) heparin IV use only
2) warfarin oral use only
3) Rivaroxaban
4) davigatran
89
what block clotting factors does warfarin possess?
block clotting factors;
- 2
- 7
- 9
- 10
90
when is warfarin used?
1) deep vein thrombosis
2) pulmonary embolism
3) NSTEMI
4) atrial fibrillation
91
what are the side effects of warfarin?
haemorrhage anywhere
92
how can warfarin be reversed?
Vitamin K
93
what type of factor of inhibitor is rivaroxaban?
Factor X a inhibitor
94
what type of thrombin factor is dabigatran?
thrombin factor IIa inhibitor
95
what does dabigatran convert?
Xa converts prothrombin II to thrombin IIa
96
when are fibrinolytic drugs used?
Use in STEMI;
- pulmonary embolism
- CVA
97
what are the side effects of fibrinolytic drugs?
= haemorrhage serious isk
98
what cases would you want to avoid using fibrinolytic drugs?
- recent haemorrhage
- trauma
- bleeding tendencies
- severe diabetic retinopathy
- peptic ulcer
99
what do anti-arrhythmic drugs treat?
treat atrial fibrillation
100
what are 7 examples of heart failure drugs?
1) ACE inhibitors
2) ARBs
3) beta-blockers
4) mineralocorticoid antagonists
5) diuretics
6) digoxin
7) neprilysin inhibitors
101
what are 2 examples of mineralocorticoid antagonists?
1) spironolactone
| 2) eplerenone
102
what is an example neprilysin inhibitor?
= salcubitril valsartan
103
what are the complex side effects from the drugs digoxin I and digoxin II do?
Digoxin I
= bad if its excessively blocks atrial ventricular AV conduction
Digoxin II
= increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias
104
how does digoxin I block atrial ventricular AV conduction?
= produces a degree of A-V conduction delay
105
why is it bad if digoxin I blocks atrial ventricular AV conduction excessively?
- heart rate las too much causing bradycardia & heart block
106
Yes or No.
| Is digoxin II ability to increase ventricular irritability which produces arrhythmias always bad?
yes - its always bad
107
what are the 4 side effects of digoxin toxicity?
- nausea, vomiting
- yellow vision
- bradycardia, heart block
- ventricular arrhythmias
108
what does the drug neprilysin inhibitor contain?
= salcubitril valsaran
109
Yes or No.
| is neprilysin inhibitor superior too ACEI or ARB?
Yes - it is superior
110
what are the side effects of nepilysin inhibitor?
- hypotension
- renal impairment t
- hyperkalaemia
- angioneurmtic oedema
