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Cardio > Common CV drugs > Flashcards

Common CV drugs Flashcards

1
Q

List the drug classes used for anti-cholesterol.

A

Statins
Fibrates
PCSK 9 Inhibitors (for familial high cholesterol)

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2
Q

List the drugs used for hypertension.

A 
ACE/ARB
CCB
Thiazide diuretics
Beta blockers/alpha blockers
Spironolactone
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3
Q

What are you using drugs for to treat angina?

A

To vasodilate, slow the heart rate, and modulate the metabolism

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4
Q

What drugs would you use to treat angina?

A 
To vasodilate:
- Nitrates
- Nicorandil
- CCB
To slow HR:
- Beta-blockers
- Ivabradine
- Calcium antagonists
To modulate metabolism:
-  Ranolazine
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5
Q

Which antiplatelet drugs are there?

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Ticagrelor

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6
Q

What do antiplatelet drugs aim to do?

A

Prevent new thrombus

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7
Q

What anticoagulant drugs are there?

A 
Heparin
Warfarin
Rivaroxaban
Dabigatran
Edoxaban
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8
Q

What are clot busting drugs known as and give examples?

A

Fibrinolytics: streptokinase and tPA

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9
Q

When would you use an antiplatelet drug?

A

Angina
Acute MI
CVA/TIA
High risk patients of MI and CVA

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10
Q

When would you use an anticoagulant?

A

DVT
PE
NSTEMI
AF

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11
Q

When would you use a fibrinolytic?

A

STEMI
PE -selected cases
CVA - selected cases

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12
Q

What are the main three drugs you should use in heart failure to prolong life?

A

ACEI/ARB
Beta-blocker
Mineralocorticoid antagonist: spironolactone

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13
Q

what does ACEI do?

A

lower BP

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14
Q

what does amiodarone do?

A

it is an anti-arrhythmic that cardioverts arrhythmias when a patient is haemodynamically unstable (2nd line to DC cardioversion)

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15
Q

what does adenosine do?

A

is an anti-arrhythmic that slows conduction through the AVN, is useful for SVT when haemodynamically STABLE

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16
Q

what is atropine used for and what does it do?

A

treats bradycardia by increasing the heart rate

17
Q

what does adrenaline do?

A

increases heart rate AND contractility.

18
Q

what can spirolactone cause?

A

gynecomastia in men

19
Q

what is haeochromocytoma?

A

an endocrine cause of hypertension

20
Q

what is the probable diagnosis of a woman in her 20s with hypertension?

A

renal artery stenosis

21
Q

what are the stages of hypertension?

A

stage 1: 140/90
stage 2: 160/100
stage 3: clinical reading of 180 systolic OR 110 diastolic

22
Q

what is the white coat effect?

A

increase in BP due to clinical setting

23
Q

what is the first line treatment for hypertension?

A

ACEI if <55yrs and NOT pregnant or african/-caribbean - use in diabetics regardless
CCB> 55 or contraindications

24
Q

what is angina?

A

chest pain due to lack of blood to the heart

25
Q

what are the types of angina?

A

stable - comes on with activity - responds to treatment

unstable - comes on at REST OR with activity but doesn’t respond to treatment

26
Q

How is angina diagnosed?

A

ETT
perfusion scanning
CT angiography (gold standard)

27
Q

what is intermittent claudication?

A

angina of the leg

leg pain walking uphill

28
Q

what investigations do you do for intermittent claudication?

A

ABPI - normal around 1
duplex USS - to assess flow
catheter angiography

29
Q

What is the treatment for intermittent claudication?

A

statin/anti-platelet therapy
smoking cessation
more exercise

30
Q

what is stroke?

A

acute onset of neurological symptoms due to distruption of blood supply

31
Q

symptoms of stroke?

A

numbness or weakness of face
difficulty speaking
dizziness/loss of co-ordination

32
Q

what are the two types of stroke and what happens in each?

A

haemorrhagic = bleed in brain

Ischaemic = sign of end organ vascular damage

33
Q

what is the gold standard investigation for stroke?

A

Brain CT - only way to differentiate between types

34
Q

what treatment for ischaemic stroke?

A

thromolysis within 4.5hrs of onset = gold standard

thrombectomy = done up to 6hrs from onset

smoking cessation, statins, med diet and exercise

*if due to AF then anti-coagulate

35
Q

what are common anti-coagulant drugs?

A

warfarin rivaroxoban heparin

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