Common Lab tests Red stuff

Question 1

Normal urine color

Answer 1

Pale yellow (straw) to amber

Question 2

Hydrated urine color

Answer 2

Straw

Question 3

Dehydrated urine color

Answer 3

Amber

Question 4

Colorless urine

Answer 4

Large fluid intake, untreated DM, DI

Question 5

Orange urine

Answer 5

Pyridium/AZO (Medications)

Question 6

Reddish or dark brown urine

Answer 6

Blood (RBCs), Hemoglobin, Myoglobin

Question 7

High SG urine

Answer 7

Dehydration

Question 8

Low SG Urine

Answer 8

DI

Question 9

Alkaline urine

Answer 9

UTI (Some bacterial strains)

Question 10

Hematuria

Answer 10

Lower UTI, Nephrolithiasis, Urinary tract cancers, renal cancers, Urinary catheter (Trauma), anticoagulants, strenuous exercise

Question 11

Proteinuria

Answer 11

Kidney disease, DM

Question 12

Glucosuria

Answer 12

DM

Question 13

Ketonuria

Answer 13

DM (Ketoacidosis), starvation/fasting. FALSE POSITIVE = Dehydration

Question 14

Urine Nitrite

Answer 14

Marker for bacteria. FALSE POSITIVES with Pyridium/AZO

Question 15

Urine LE

Answer 15

UTI, FALSE POSITIVES = vaginal discharge, contamination. FALSE NEGATIVES = Pyridium/AZO

Question 16

Increased urinary Bilirubin

Answer 16

Liver disease, infection or other toxic agents

Question 17

Increased urine urobilinogen

Answer 17

Liver disease

Question 18

Urine test specimen handling

Answer 18

Test w/in 1hr or refrigerate

Question 19

urine microscopy with WBCs

Answer 19

UTI, stones, cancer, inflammation

Question 20

urine microscopy RBCs

Answer 20

UTI, renal cancer, bladder cancer, kidney stones

Question 21

Urine microscopy with epithelial cells

Answer 21

contamination

Question 22

Urine microscopy with RBC casts

Answer 22

hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis

Question 23

urine microscopy WBC casts

Answer 23

pyelonephritis

Question 24

Components of CBC

Answer 24

WBCs, RBCs, Platelets, Hgb, Hct

Question 25

Components of CBC with Diff

Answer 25

WBCs, RBCs, Platelets, Hgb, Hct; Neu, eosin, baso, lymcytes, mocytes

Question 26

Luekocytosis

Answer 26

Infection or inflammation. Can also be caused by Prednisone

Question 27

Leukopenia

Answer 27

Viral infections, BAD infections (Sepsis)

Question 28

Neutrophils

Answer 28

Most numerous WBC, 1st line of defense (Phagocytosis)

Question 29

Neutrophilia

Answer 29

Bacterial infection, inflammation, steroids (prednisone)

Question 30

Neutropenia

Answer 30

BAD bacterial infection (sepsis), viral infection

Question 31

Lymphocytosis

Answer 31

Mononucleosis, other viral infections

Question 32

Lymphopenia

Answer 32

Chemo and radiation, AIDS

Question 33

Eosinophilia

Answer 33

Allergies, Asthma, parasites, eczema (Wheezes, sneezes, and weird diseases)

Question 34

Basophilia

Answer 34

Allergies (seasonal, food, and drug)

Question 35

Monocytosis

Answer 35

infection and recovery

Question 36

RBC count

Answer 36

different between men and women

Question 37

Erythrocytosis

Answer 37

Polycythemia vera (type of blood cancer)

Question 38

Erythrocytopenia

Answer 38

Anemia

Question 39

Hgb evaluation

Answer 39

Initial test to check for anemia, Qty differs between men and women

Question 40

Hct

Answer 40

Differs between men and women. Is roughly Hgb x 3

Question 41

Thrombocytosis

Answer 41

Cancers (Leukemia), acute infections

Question 42

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 42

Some infections (virus, bacteria, tick illnesses), liver disease (cirrhosis)

Question 43

BMP components

Answer 43

Na, K, CL, Bicarbonate, BUN, serum sugar, Creatinine, Ca,

Question 44

Hypernatremia

Answer 44

increased levels of sodium in blood

Question 45

Hyponatremia

Answer 45

decreased levels of sodium in blood

Question 46

Downstream organs that are affected by K changes

Answer 46

nerves, muscles, heart (action potentials!)

Question 47

Hyperkalemia

Answer 47

Elevated K. FALSE POSITIVE = if blood sample gets hemolyzed during collection -> K+ leaves

Question 48

Hypokalemia

Answer 48

decreased K

Question 49

Hyperchloremia

Answer 49

elevated Ca

Question 50

Hypochloremia

Answer 50

decreaed Ca

Question 51

Alkalosis

Answer 51

elevated Bicarbonate

Question 52

Acidosis

Answer 52

decreaed bicarbonate

Question 53

increased BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Answer 53

Kidney insufficiency, Urinary tract obstruction

Question 54

decreased BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Answer 54

Low protein diet

Question 55

Creatinine

Answer 55

normal range differs bewteen men and women

Question 56

Elevated creatinine

Answer 56

decreased renal function

Question 57

GFR

Answer 57

Kidneys are not working well

Question 58

Hyperglycemia

Answer 58

DM, severe infection, steroids

Question 59

Hypoglycemia

Answer 59

Low BS

Question 60

Hypercalcemia

Answer 60

heart problems. Can be increased by Hyperparathyroidism (elevated bone breakdown) and too much Vit D

Question 61

Hypocalcemia

Answer 61

muscle contractions, seizure. Can be decreased by Hypoparathyroidism, Vit D deficiency

Question 62

Hgb A1c

Answer 62

test for DM, not accurate during pregnancy

Question 63

increased serum amylase

Answer 63

Pancreatitis

Question 64

decreased serum amylase

Answer 64

pancreatic insufficiency

Question 65

increased serum lipase

Answer 65

Pancreatitis

Question 66

Increased serum AST

Answer 66

Liver problems

Question 67

increased serum ALT

Answer 67

liver damage (infection, alcohol, medication, cancer)

Question 68

increased serum Alk Phos

Answer 68

Liver problems

Question 69

decreaesd serum Alk Phos

Answer 69

Osteoporosis

Question 70

Increased serum GCT

Answer 70

Liver problems (including alcoholism)