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TOP 300 drugs - NAPLEX > Common Skin Conditions > Flashcards

Common Skin Conditions Flashcards

(106 cards)

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1
Q

Aloe

A

Natural product made from aloe vera plant
Used for sunburn, psoriasis
Provides a soothing effect

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2
Q

Tea Tree Oil

A

Used for acne

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3
Q

Lysine

A

Used for cold sore (Herpes simplex labialis) prevention & treatment

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4
Q

Topical vitamin D

A

Used for diaper rash & psoriasis

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5
Q

Drugs that cause brown discoloration/secretions

A

Entacapone
Levodopa
Methyldopa

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6
Q

Drugs that cause Brown/Black/Green discoloration/secretions

A

Iron (black stool)

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6
Q

Drug that causes Brown/Yellow discoloration/secretions

A

Nitrofurantoin

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6
Q

Drug that causes orange/yellow discoloration/secretions

A

Sulfasalazine

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6
Q

Drug that causes yellow/green discoloration/secretions

A

Propofol

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6
Q

Drugs that cause Red/Orange discoloration/secretions

A

Phenazopyridine
Rifampin (Rifadine)

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6
Q

Drug that causes red discoloration/secretions

A

Anthracyclines

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7
Q

Drug that causes blue discoloration/secretions

A

Methylene blue
Mitoxantrone

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7
Q

Drug that causes Blue/Gray discoloration/secretions

A

Amiodarone

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7
Q

What are the primary determinants of acne?

A

Androgens
Bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes, formerly known as propionibacterium acnes)
Fatty acids (Sebum present in oil (sebaceous) glands

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7
Q

Acne: Treatment (general)

A

OTC benzoyl peroxide & salicylic acid
Retinoids
Topical/Systemic steroids
Antibiotics
Systemic isotretinoin

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7
Q

Retinoids MoA

A

Vit A derivatives
Reduce adherence of keratinocytes in the oil gland

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8
Q

Retinoids: contraindication

A

Teratogenic
Pregnancy/Lactation

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8
Q

Retinoids: administration

A

Daily at night with pea-sized amount
Can decrease to every other night if irritation occurs
Moisturizer, followed by sunscreen should be applied every morning

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8
Q

How does it take for retinoids to work?

A

4-12 weeks
Acne may worsen initially

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8
Q

Oral retinoid (Isotretinoin): use

A

Severe, recalcitrant nodular acne

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9
Q

Isotretinoin: required testing

A

Pregnancy
Cholesterol

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9
Q

Clascoterone

A

Topical androgen receptor inhibitor
For 12+ years old

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9
Q

Mild acne: 1st line treatment

A

Topicals: BPO or retinoid OR
Topicals: combination

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10
Q

Topical combination therapy includes

A

BPO + topical antibiotic, BPO + retinoid or BPO + retinoid + topical antibiotic

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10
Moderate acne: first line treatment
Topicals: combination OR PO antibiotic + BPO + topical retinoid (+/- topical abx)
11
Severe acne: first-line treatment
Topicals: combination + PO abx OR PO isotretinoin
11
Topical Retinoids: examples
Tertinoin (Atralin, Renova, Retin-A, Retin-A micro, Altreno) Adapalene (Differin)
11
Advantage of Retin-A micro
Provides slower release, allowing for less irritation
12
Topical retinoids: counseling points
Limit sun exposure Apply daily at HS, 20 minutes after washing face Irritation? dec. strength or switch to every other night Smooth a pea-sized amount all over the face, not JUST on the acne Wash with only mild soap BID Takes 4-12 wks to work, may worsen initially
13
What patients do you want to avoid dapsone gel in?
G6PD deficiency
14
Clascoterone: warning
HPA axis suppression
15
Isotretinoin & pregnancy
2 negative pregnancy tests prior Do not get pregnant 1 month before or 1 month after Do not breastfeed until atleast 1 month after drug stopped Pregnancy test repeated monthly, 2 forms of birth control required
16
Isotertinoin: ADRs
Dry skin, chapped lips, dry eyes/eye irritation
17
Cold sores: cause
HSV-1 **Spreads from active lesions, kissing, sharing drinks**
18
Cold sores: ideal time to start treatment
Prodromal period **It precedes sore eruption**
19
Drugs for cold sores
Docosanol (abreva) - OTC: 5x/day at first sign of outbreak Zovirax (Rx): 5x/day x4 days (Can use on genitals)
20
Drugs for dandruff
Ketoconazole 1% (Nizoral-AD) - OTC Selenium sulfide (Selsun) - OTC Pyrithione zinc (Head & Shoulders) - OTC Coal tar shampoo (T/Gel) - OTC Ketoconazole 2% (Nizoral) - Rx
21
Medical conditions that cause alopecia
Hypothyroidism Zinc & Vit D deficiency
22
Drugs that cause alopecia
Chemotherapeutics Valproate Tacrolimus Heparin
23
Drugs for alopecia
Propecia 1mg daily (takes 3 months to see results) Baricitinib - causes serious infections, malignancy, and thrombosis Rogaine Bimatoprost (Latisse) - for hypotricosis
24
Eczema: presentation
Skin rashes which become crusty & scaly Rash is itchy, red, dry & sore
25
Eczema: non-pharm approaches
Hydration & moisturizers
26
Eczema: drug for itching
Antihistamines
27
Eczema: treatments
Topical steroids (PO PRN) Calcineurin inhibitors
28
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: age limit
do not use in < 2 yrs. Risk of lymphomas & skin cancer
29
Tinea pedis
Athletes foot
30
Tinea corporis
Ring worm
31
Tinea cruris
Jock itch
32
Tinea pedis: symptoms
feet itching, peeling, redness, mild burning
33
Tinea pedis: common infection places
Public pools, showers, locker rooms
34
Tinea cruris affects where?
genitals, inner thighs, buttocks
35
Tinea cruris: presentation
rash that is red, itchy and ring-shaped
36
Tinea corporis: presentation
circular, red, flat sores with dry, scaly skin. Occasionally, ring is not present, just itchy, red skin. Outer part can be raised while the skin in the middle appears normal
37
Tinea capitis
"ringworm" on the scalp
38
Funal infection treatments: counseling points
Don't barefoot with foot infection Apply meds 1-2 inches beyond the rash use for 2-4 weeks, even if it appears to be healed Reduce moisture to affected area
39
Terbinafine: brand name
Lamisil AT
40
Butenafine: brand name
Lotrimin ultra
41
Clotrimazole: brand name
Lotrimin AF
42
Miconazole: brand name
Lotrimin AF
43
Tolnaftate: brand names
Tinactin
44
Betamethasone/Clotrimazole
Lotrisone
45
Ketoconazole: brand name (cream)
Extina
46
Undecylenic acid: brand names
Toelieva
47
When to refer pts to physicians for vaginal infections
> 4 infections in a year OR Symptoms recur within 2 weeks
48
Onychomycosis: treatment
Itraconazole PO (avoid use in HF) terbinafine PO (can cause hepatotoxicity)
48
pH & vaginal infections
pH > 4.5 is consistent with bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis infection ** OTC test kits available to test pH**
49
Onychomycosis: diagnosis
20% KOH smear
50
Miconazole
Monistat-3
51
Butoconazole
Gynazole-1
52
How long to treat complicated/pregnancy related vaginal infections?
7-10 days or refer to physician
53
Diaper rash: prevention
Petrolatum ointment (A&D ointment) Petrolatum with zinc oxide (Desitin) - desicant used to dry skin
54
Diaper rash: treatment
Clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin Hydrocortisone
55
Hemorrhoids: treatment
Psyllium - reduce straining Phenylephrine (Preparation H)- vasocontrictor to shrink hemorroids Hydrocortisone (Anusol-HC, Preparation H) Witch hazel (Tucks medicated cooling pads)
56
Pinworm (vermicularis): presentation
anal itching, usually in kids
57
"Tape test"
Used in pinworm infection to identify eggs **Can take up to 3 morning tape tests to identify eggs**
58
Pinworm: treatment
Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate Albendazole
59
Mebendazole, Albendazole warnings
headache, nausea, hepatotoxicity
59
Albendazole: administration
Take with high fat meal
60
Topical ivermectin
Sklice Used to treat head lice Available OTC
60
Permethrin difference in treating lice vs scabies
lice: permethrin lotion 1% (Nix) Scabies: permethrin cream 5%
61
Oral ivermectin
Stromectol For 15kg + ADRs: lymph node enlargement, arthralgias, skin tenderness, pruritis & fever
62
Lice
pediculus humanus capitis
63
Which shampoo is no longer recommended as a treatment for lice d/t neurotoxicity?
Lindane shampoo 1%
63
Malathion lotion 0.5%
Ovide Organophosphate only for 6+ yr old Irritatble to skin & flammable
64
Retreatment is needed on days 7-10 for most lice products, what is the exception?
Topical ivermectin (Sklice)
64
How often should you use the nit comb to remove nits & lice after treatment?
every 2-3 days
65
Pyrethrin/piperonyl: brand name
RID
65
NIx and RID retreatment day
9
65
Burn: characterization
1st dregree: red/painful, minor swelling 2nd degree: thicker, very painful, produce blisters 3rd degree: damage to all layers, skin appears white/charred
66
Aquaphor
80% oil, 20% water ointment Used to protect skin for minor burns **Holds in moisure & prevents scarring**
66
Diabetes & burns
even a minor burn on foot can dead to amputation
67
Silver sulfadiazine
Silvadene, SSD reduces infection risk & promotes healing
68
Mupirocin: coverage
Strep & staph (including MRSA).
68
Don't use SSD in
Sulfa allergy G6PD deficiency
69
Poison ivy: transmission
oak or sumac poisoning Allergic rxn from touching saps of plants containg urushiol
70
Hydrocortisone strengths avaliable OTC
0.5% 1%
71
Poison ivy: treatment
Aluminum actetate (astringent) Collodial oatmeal (Aveeno) Zanfel Topical or oral steroids PRN
72
Steroid vehicles from highest to lowest potency
73
"Finger tip" unit
Used to estimate amount **From the fingertip to the first joint**
74
"Broad spectrum" sunscreen definition
Protects against both UVA and UVB
74
Sunscreen counseling points
Apply liberally every 2 hours Reapply after swimming or sweating Keep babies < 6 months out of the sun
75
Time to burn (TTB) equation
TTB = SPF & TTB (without suncreen)
76
Sunscreen & "waterproof"
Labels can no longer write "water proof" or "water resistant" because they all wash off Can be water resistant for 40-80 minutes
77
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TOP 300 drugs - NAPLEX (12 decks)

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