Common Symptoms in Nephrology

Question 1

Normal GFR in young adults

Answer 1

~125 mL/min/1.73 m2

Question 2

Normal urine volume

Answer 2

~1000-2000 mL/24 hrs

Question 3

Protein excretion in normal individuals

Answer 3

total protein <150 mg/24 hrs and albumin < 30 mg/24 hrs

Question 4

Azotemia

Answer 4

reduction in GFR

Question 5

Proteinuria

Answer 5

Increased amt of protein in the urine - PER >150 mg/24 hr

albumin (glomerular proteinuria)
low molecular weight proteins (overflow proteinuria)
Bence-Jones proteins (tubular proteinuria)

Question 6

Albuminuria

Answer 6

abnormal loss of protein in the urine

Question 7

Uremia

Answer 7

Clinical syndrome associated with fluid, electrolyte and hormone imbalances and metabolic abnormalities

Question 8

Polyuria

Answer 8

24 hr urine output > 3000 mL

Question 9

Oliguria

Answer 9

24 hr urine output < 400 mL

Question 10

Anuria

Answer 10

complete absence of urine formation (50-100 mL in 24 hrs)

Question 11

Dysuria

Answer 11

Pain that occurs during urination; burning or stinging sensation in the urethra

Question 12

Hematuria

Answer 12

Presence of 2-5 RBCs per high power field

Question 13

Nocturia

Answer 13

Waking at night to void

each micturition is preceded and followed by sleep

Question 14

Lithuresis

Answer 14

Passage of small calculi in the urine