Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)

Question 1

MC congenital heart disease

CXR - increased pulmonary blood flow
LVH and BVH and normal aortic knob

membranous - MC type

Answer 1

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Question 2

MC congenital heart disease diagnosed in ADULTS

CXR - increased pulmonary blood flow and RVH

Answer 2

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Question 3

CYANOTIC CHD (R-L shunt)

Answer 3

Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid Atresia
Truncus Arteriosus
Total Anomalous pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)
Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

Question 4

ACYANOTIC CHD (L-R shunt)

Answer 4

ASD
VSD
PDA
AVSD

Question 5

Conversion of an initial L-R shunt into a R-L shunt

Answer 5

Eisenmengerization

Question 6

CHD associated w/ Congenital Rubella Syndrome

continuous machinery-like murmur

CXR - increased pulmonary blood flow, LVH/BVH and large aortic knobs

needs INDOMETHACIN to CLOSE and PGE1 to OPEN

Answer 6

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Question 7

CHD associated w/ Turner Syndrome

Answer 7

preductal coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

Question 8

CHD associated w/ Trisomy 21

Answer 8

Ostium primum
ASD
AV valve malformations
VSD

Question 9

CHD associated w/ offspring of diabetic moms

Answer 9

TGA

Question 10

CXR - boot-shaped heart (Coeur en Sabot)

subpulmonic stenosis - main determinant of severity
RVH
VSD
overriding of the aorta

Answer 10

TOF

Question 11

CXR - egg-shaped silhouette or egg on its side appearance

Answer 11

TGA

Question 12

CXR - snowman sign/cottage loaf heart

Answer 12

TAPVC

Question 13

MC congenital cardiovascular cause of HPN

Answer 13

coarctation of the aorta

Question 14

CXR - figure of 3 sign

Answer 14

post-ductal (adult) CoA