Common Teratogens Flashcards
Fetal renal tubular dysplasia and neonatal renal failure, oligohydramnios, IUGR, lack of cranial ossification.
ACEIs
growth restriction before and after birth, mental retardation, midfacial hypoplasia, renal and cardiac defects
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Consumption of > 6 drinks per day is associated with a 40% risk of fetal alcohol syndrome.
Virilization of female fetuses; advanced genital development in male fetuses.
Androgens
Neural tube defects, finge nail hypoplasia, microcephaly, developmental delay, IUGR.
Carbamazepine
Bowel atresias; congenital malformations of the heart, limbs, face, and GU tract; microcephaly; IUGR; cerebral infarctions.
Cocaine
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina or cervix, vaginal adenosis, abnormalities of the cervix and uterus or testes, possible infertility.
DES
↑ SAB rate; stillbirths.
Lead, Methotrexate
Congenital heart disease (Ebstein anomaly).
Lithium
Cerebral atrophy, microcephaly, mental retardation, spasticity, seizures, blindness.
Organic mercury
IUGR, mental retardation, microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, cardiac defects, finge nail hypoplasia.
Fetal Hydantoin syndrome
Phenytoin
Microcephaly, mental retardation. Medical diagnostic radiation delivering < 0.05 Gy to the fetus has no teratogenic risk.
Radiation
Hearing loss; CN VIII damage.
Streptomycin and kanamycin
Permanent yellow-brown discoloration of deciduous teeth; hypoplasia of tooth enamel
Tetracycline
Bilateral limb deficiencie , anotia and microtia, cardiac and GI anomalies.
Thalidomide
Cleft lip or cleft palate, cardiac defects, microcephaly, mental retardation.
Trimethadione and paramethadione
