comms midterm prep Flashcards
communications midterm prep (121 cards)
1
Q
types of information include?
A
Raw Data, Propaganda, Misinformation, Disinformation
2
Q
Fake stuff, specifically sent out with intent to mislead is?
A
Disinformation
3
Q
Population figures, weather, square miles are examples of?
A
Raw Data
4
Q
Urban Legends are an example of?
A
Misinformation.
5
Q
Fabricated stories with some basis in truth are?
A
Misinformation.
6
Q
Information put out by someone with a political agenda and slanted is
A
Propoganda
7
Q
What percentage of communications are non-verbal
A
80%
8
Q
Changing how we talk based on setting is called
A
Code Switch
9
Q
When listening you should
A
avoid distractions, pay attention to nonverbal, really listen, express empathy
10
Q
American Exceptionalism comes from
A
Manifest Destiny
11
Q
People remember what percentage of what they see
A
60%
12
Q
People remember what percentage of what they hear
A
30%
13
Q
Nonverbals are
A
Inevitable, convey emotion, ambiguous.
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Use of Body: Kinesics 1. Gestures—hand and body motion. 2. Eye Contact. 3. Facial Expressions. 4. Posture
14
Q
Kinesics is the
A
study of body movement (gestures, body motion, eye contact, facial expression, posture).
15
Q
Use of space is
A
Proxemics. Personal space 1 - 2 feet. Territorial space 4 - 12 feet aka social distance, Acoustic space … how far until you can’t be heard.?? close to the books discussion of public distance.
16
Q
Ways to ensure nonverbals work. Improving use of non-verbals.
A
monitor non-verbal message, align non-verbal with message and purpose, adapt non-verbal with message to situation, reduce distracting non-verbals, wear proper attire. Be aware of audience body-language.
17
Q
Amy Cuddy video
A
Fake it till you become it. Power pose
18
Q
Talking to yourself, thinking or writing in a diary is
A
Intra-personal communication
19
Q
Usually face to face communication is
A
Interpersonal communication
20
Q
Ways to ensure non-verbals work or Guidelines for improving Nonverbal communications include:
A
monitor non-verbal message, align non-verbal with message and purpose, adapt non-verbal with message to situation, reduce distracting non-verbals, wear proper attire, be aware of audience body language and act accordingly.
21
Q
Delivered to an audience is
A
Public Communication
22
Q
TV, Radio, social media is
A
Mass Communication
23
Q
Good communication is essential for
A
Keeping friends, getting and keeping a job, developing relationships.
24
Q
Good communication includes good:
A
Ethics (honesty and truth matter), Words Matter - avoid slang, foul language, or loaded words.
25
What makes good speech?
Well researched topic, credible evidence, effective transitions, strong introduction and clear conclusion, persuasion in certain speeches.
26
Style
keep it simple, fewer words, use pronouns, use repetition, concrete language
27
Paint word pictures is
Imagery. Avoid clichés’ -- Never use “shock jock” or street language. May not be understood. Perceived as non-formal detracts from credibility.
28
Using the same structural pattern using same introductory words is
Parallelism. example Neal Armstrong. “That’s one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind”—Neal Armstrong, July 1969 “Of the people, by the people, for the people”—Gettysburg Address ,Abe Lincoln, 1863
29
When Listening to Comprehend you should
Avoid distractions, pay attention, really listen, express empathy.
Avoid Distractions -- Talk to the person not at them. Don’t be distracted by TV, your phone or someone else.
Pay Attention -- Watch for non-verbal clues. Look them in the eye. Don’t do other things while talking to them.
Really listen -- Make sure you understand what they are saying, that the message is clear and ask questions if its not.
Express Empathy--React with empathy when necessary.
30
Being aware of your surroundings and emotions and not just focusing on how it impacts you is
Emotional Intelligence (don't be self centered)
31
Deciding what to listen to, Determining facts or twists of the truth is
Information Triage.Information Triage: Deciding what to listen to. Are they facts or are they twisting the truth. Turn on your B-S meter. Ask Questions: But don’t interrupt
32
Ask questions but
don't interrupt
33
When presenting to a group and asking a question, you should
already know the answer
34
How do you respond to questions
- provide immediate feedback if possible,
- don't make things worse by giving stupid answers,
- it's ok to say I don't know.
- Adapt answers for audience (kids vs. elderly).
35
The study of space and how we use it, makes us feel more or less comfortable, and how we arrange objects and ourselves in relation to space is
Proxemics (personal space, territorial space, acoustic space)
36
Choose a leader or decision making format for what type of presentations?
Group presentations
37
What order should you assign presentation roles to group members?
open with strongest, most credible, place weaker in the middle, close with strongest speaker
38
What should the editor do when assigning work on presentation aids
Editor ensures same style, and what will be covered, assigns who works technology, makes sure they use consistent terminology
39
What can you use as transitions between speakers
introductions or sequenced items
40
In a presentation aid, text should be no more than
8 lines and 8 words per line
41
Presentation aids can include
actual object, model, photographs, simple drawings, Maps etc. video, powerpoint.
42
Note cards.. good note cards
have information you need to refer to, done neatly in large print, numbered in upper right hand corner, contain complete quotes and citation that can be read, not cluttered.
43
To detect fake news in the media . . . check _____ and their ________ record. Headlines can __________.
check trusted sources. main stream media with long track records. Look past headlines they can deceive or only tell part of the story.
44
To preclude fake news..when using the internet check for
check web domain. .lo or .co.com are probably efforts ro mimic legitimate sites. 90% internet is fake..??
45
Look for bias
Not just a slant, but with obvious agenda or pushing strong point of view may be fake or not reliable.
46
Real news sites
update their sites regularly, have editors, have transparency
47
Transparency
there should be an about us section which will give you the names of editors, board of directors, who you should contact with questions. even have mission statement.
48
Multiple sources saying the same thing.
Fake news articles tend to cite anonymous or unreliable sources. or use reliable unnamed source regularly.
49
Fact checkers. Factcheck.org, or Snopes.com
Fact checkers
50
What is plagiarism
stealing. taking written, spoken or artistic work done by someone else and claiming it as your own without giving credit.
51
Penalties for plagiarism include
Failing grade, kicked out of school or fired. reputation ruined, embarrassment, possibly sued.
52
Copyright is
the legal right to all use and profit from your work that is protected by law. it belongs to you.
53
Penalties for violation
subject to $250 thousand dollar fine or five years in prison. or other restitution.
54
Fake news is/are
If it was real news it is not fake. No definition of fake news. stories that are made up. It is NOT an honest mistake, or a new story that may be slanted or bias,.
55
Journalist may get their facts wrong through an honest mistake or sloppy work or if a source has led them the wrong way
Not fake news?
56
Is Commentary Fake news?
No. but it should be clearly marked as such
57
Fake News is?
No real definition. If it was really news it wouldn't be fake. stories made up to lead you astray by organizations with a political agenda that are not legitimate news sources.
58
5 Canons of Public Speaking
Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery
59
Invention is
Finding a topic or concept for your speech or presentation
60
Arrangement is
Research, organizing your speech, outline, Homing in on your theme
61
Style
Putting a bit of your own personality into your speech
62
Memory
Practicing your presentation memorizing facts, details, and order of the speech
63
Delivery
The words that come out of your mouth, Non-verbal communication, getting facts straight, use of emotional questions if necessary
64
How you use your arms, hands, and facial expressions and general body language is called
Non-verbals
65
T or F. People remember 60 percent of what they hear and 30% of what they see
False. it is the other way around,
66
What is the difference between Misinformation and Disinformation
Disinformation is intended
67
Belief or valuing ones own ethnicity or culture as better than or more important than others is
Ethnocentrism
68
Bypassing is
conversation of not listening or avoiding a question. Can include using a word or phrase that can be miss interpreted.
69
Best source is
first person source
70
Interview should be
research subject first. have questions, choose convenient time, wear business attire, on the record. Non confrontational, watch body language. arrive early,
71
Exceptionalism is
Condition of being different from the norm. also, a theory expounding the exceptionalism especially of a nation or region.the idea that a person, country or political system can be allowed to be different from, and perhaps better than, others:
72
Text visuals should be
guide.. not more then 8 lines per slide and 8 words per line.
73
What should you do with any visuals you have in your presentation powerpoint
Cite sources.
74
When doing research and you can't find corroborating sources..you should
when in doubt leave it out.
75
Listening - types of non-listening
Selective listening, Pseudo listening, Glazing Over, Ambushing, Prejudging, Advising.
76
Groupthink is
pressure to conform to reach a decision forcing some to remain silent or go along with the group despite disagreements.
77
Grouphate
when people have strong negative feelings about the prospect of working in a group. detracts from cohesion and success of the group.
78
Social loafing
reduction in motivation and effort when working in a group. Someone will get it done.. but not me..
79
Dominator
me..not seek input..etc.
80
Irresponsibility
not getting things done, or not to quality. not making meetings.
81
Symbolic convergence
Group creates a unique meaning internal to the group for a term or experience...strengthens bond of the group.
82
Socialism is?
any of various economic and political theories advocating collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods
83
Code switch is
Changing what you want to say based on situation you are in. Words selected based on cultural setting
84
Placeholders
Ums, oks, pauses..
85
Use of slang
May not be understood, lacks credibility in a formal setting
86
T or F descriptive language and imagery are the same thing
T
87
T or F it is OK to use something in a speech or presentation that you find n the web without citing where it came from
F
88
T or F when working in a group presentation it's ok for one person to do most of the work
F
89
T or F when talking to a group you should always try to use big words to impress them
F
90
T or F most mainstream news organizations produce fake news based on a political agends
F
91
T or F using correct body language does not apply in job interviews
F
92
T or F when you are speaking to someone you know in a one on one setting, it is ok to touch them
F
93
When delivering a speech or communicating with your boss or a friend which of the following does not apply: a. Body language, b. Tone of voice, c. Quality of words, d. Attire, e. None of the above.
E.
94
Purpose of an outline is
An arrangement of information - hierarchy of key ideas in order or sequence for presentation.
95
T or F people remember 60% of what they hear and 30% of what they see
F
96
How you use your arms, hands, and facial expressions and general body language is called
Non-verbals
97
What is Pathos (passion in Greek).
Appealing to their emotions. Attract people to your cause or away from their position using a human face....using emotion in an effort to persuade. Persuade to increase commitment, decrease commitment or as a call to action. Emotional methods could include some to the following (suggest evaluating the audience to select an approach): Use of Empathy: (the most ethical) “I know where you have been” Relating to your audience. example Bobby Kennedy's calmness?. Anger: Directed anger at the issue.Shame: “We are borrowing so much our grandchildren will be paying for it.”Pity:“Give to our telethon and help cure this terrible disease”Fear: (most effective) .“We will build a wall and stop rapists and terrorists at the border.”
98
a Heterogeneous group is
Heterogeneous grouping is when a diverse group of students is put in the same cooperative learning group. This mixed group may consist of students of varying ages, educational levels, interests, special needs, etc.
99
You should avoid words that are
not needed, regionalisms or slang, trigger words..
100
De-notative words are
words with literal meaning. vs. connotative wordsA connotation is the feeling a word invokes. But take note! A denotation is what the word literally says. If these words were on a trip, connotation would be the baggage, and denotation would be the traveler.
A connotation is the baggage a word or idea drags around. The word "baggage" often has a negative connotation. If you say someone has baggage, unless they're at the airport, you mean the person is lugging around some drama. Some words, like "awesome birthday cake," have a positive connotation. Here are some other examples:
101
Glossophobia percentages of population
75% nervousness when speaking
102
The most effective emotional approach (Pathos) in persuasion arguments is ...
Fear.
103
Generation Z is or centennials
yr. 2000? after internet. late 90s to 2010s.
104
Generation Y is or millennials??
1980 - 1990s
105
Gen x
1965 - 1979
106
Boomers
1946 - 1964
107
Traditionalists or Silent Gen
1925 - 1945
108
Define relationships
Relationship by circumstance (family, classmates, etc.), Relationship by choice - romance,
109
Power in relationships
Complementary - symmetrical., Competitive (vie for power), Submissive (one partner makes all the decisions), Parallel (shifts back and forth).
110
Solutions in relationships
Adaptability, cohesion. self disclosure...
111
Managing conflict
Pick battles, schedule discussions, build an agenda, minimize or mitigate.
112
Facial Expressions - the eyes have it
Pause or divert - lie. Looking away feel uncomfortable, unsaid pauses - not good. Not smiling - not happy, slower speech to ensure understanding, high pitch - stress. More deliberate - trying to make sure. ?? angry look.
113
Boviate
??
114
What is Ethos. Ethics in Greek.
Establish credibility - Detail your own background (expertise or evidence of research) - Cite expert sources - credible sources . fact checking consistency among experts - their consensus. - Get your facts straight.
Ethos appeals are based on reputation. Persuade others that you are of good character. You are trustworthy. You are a credible authority on your topic.
115
How do you lose credibility?
Lose credibility when you: - Get facts wrong, pronounce names wrong or fail discuss conflict of interest. Stretch to reach an audience by using unrelated stories or facts..
116
Logos is? Logic in Greek.
Appeal based on logic - Statistics and practical examples used to reason - Strong Sources, well documented - Your argument makes sense and appears reasonable.
117
Goals for a persuasive speech are:
1) To strengthen a commitment to a cause, principal or person.
2) To weaken someone’s commitment to a cause, principal or person.
3) To promote action on a cause, principal or person
118
what makes a good speech
```
Pitch—High or Low
Volume-- Loud or Soft
Rate – Speed with which you speak
Intonation
Cadence– pace of the Speech.
(Avoid place holders )
```
119
what makes a good speech cont.
```
Non-Verbal Communication
MOVEMENT OF ARMS AND LEGS
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
EYE CONTACT
GENERAL DEMEANOR
ATTIRE
```
120
Note cards.
Note Cards
SHOULD CONTAIN IMPORTANT FACTS YOU NEED TO REMEMBER
SHOULD CONTAIN DIRECT QUOTES CITED AS SUCH SHOULD BE NUMBERED TO AVOID CONFUSION
USE BULLET POINTS
(DO NOT USE NOISY PAPER OR TABLET OR SMART PHONE FOR NOTES.
121
words matter
Use Ethos, Pathos and Logos
(Give your credentials, cite sources verbally and credit direct quotes.)
(Get your facts straight and make sure they are well formatted with smooth transitions)
(Use Positive and negative emotions to get your point across. Personal stories help. Tone of voice goes a long way to express emotion.)
