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NURS 373 > Communicable Disease > Flashcards

Communicable Disease Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

T or F: The incidence of communicable disease has declined with the introduction of vaccines.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

T or F: Complications of communicable diseases have increased.

A

FALSE

use of antibiotics and antitoxins

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3
Q

Varicella zoster distinguishing characteristics

A

itchy, fluid-filled vesicles

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4
Q

Treatment for varicella zoster

A

antivirals: Acyclovir

immunoglobulins

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5
Q

Mycoplasmal infections more common in…

A

fall and winter

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6
Q

Asthmatic bronchitis more frequent in….

A

fall

September spike

going back to school, weather changing

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7
Q

RSV season

A

winter and spring

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8
Q

Clinical manifestations of respiratory infections

A

cough

lower O2 sat

SOB

WOB

cyanosis

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9
Q

Most reliable place to check for cyanosis

A

mucous membranes

dusty

darker skin tones - looks ashen

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10
Q

Way to test SOB

A

ask kids to say their ABCs and see how fast they lose their breath

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11
Q

Nursing care management for respiratory infections

A

medications - bronchodilators

oxygen therapy

resp support - pressure (bipap, c-flow)

deep breathing and coughing techniques

positioning

rest and comfort

keep hydrated**

nutrition

decreased handling, clustered care

reduce temperature (=reduced HR and RR)

prevent spread

fam support

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12
Q

T or F: Children will most likely need oxygen therapy with a respiratory infection.

A

not always

also sometimes they need more support pressure wise than oxygen wise

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13
Q

Fifth Disease distinguishing feature

A

red slapped-face rash that spreads to trunk and extremities

lacy appearance

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14
Q

Fifth Disease treatment

A

for symptoms

Tylenol for fever, hydration etc.

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15
Q

Roseola

A

high fever that disappears

followed by rash on trunk, neck

then face, arms, legs

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16
Q

Roseola treatment

A

Tylenol and Advil

manage fever to prevent seizures

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17
Q

Mumps distinguishing feature

A

parotitis

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18
Q

Measles (Rubeola) distinguishing feature

A

Koplik spots 2 days before rash in mouth

flat rash

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19
Q

Rubella (German Measles) distinguishing features

A

face then neck, trunk, legs

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20
Q

Complications of Rubella (German Measles)

A

intrauterine death, spontaneous abortion

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21
Q

Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease distinguishing features

A

blisters on hand, feet, around mouth

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22
Q

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) distinguishing feature

A

short, rapid coughs followed by crowing or “whoop” sound

symptoms of choking/gasping for air

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23
Q

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) most common cause of death

A

pneumonia

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24
Q

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) nursing care

A

droplet precautions - suspected and confirmed

closely monitor cardiorespiratory function and O2 sat

maintain patent airway; keep suctioning equipment available

quiet environment

keep hydrated - small amounts of fluid, frequently

report to PH

may treat non-immunized close contacts of prophylactically

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25
Scarlet fever distinguishing feature
strawberry tongue
26
Scarlet fever treatment
antibiotics supportive therapy (analgesic, antipyretic, fluids)
27
Mono distinguishing feature
swollen lymph nodes
28
Croup distinguishing feature
hoarseness, barking, “seal” like cough
29
Is croup serious?
yes! can progress to respiratory acidosis, respiratory failure, and death
30
Croup treatment
vaporizers, oral fluids, antipyretics steroids (NOT bronchodilators --> lower resp only) airway management hydration high humidity with cool mist CONTINUOUS OBSERVATION AND ASSESSMENT
31
Upper resp infections (6)
1) Nasopharyngitis: “common cold” 2) Pharyngitis – 80-90% viral 3) Tonsillitis 4) Otitis Media 5) COVID-19 6) Croup
32
Otitis media
due to short and horizontal Eustachian tubes v common: 6 months to 3 years discharge grabbing at ear
33
Otitis media treatment
antibiotics - amoxicillin pain management and fever - Tylenol tubes surgery
34
Preventing recurrence of otitis media
make sure that they’re not eating/drinking lying down (gets into tubes) breastfeeding avoiding tobacco smoke
35
COVID-19
acute, mild to severe most frequent, serious infection: pneumonia symptoms: fever, cough SOB, URT symptoms, diarrhea, loss of senses of smell or taste, myalgia, rhinorrhea, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sore throat, fatigue
36
T or F: Lab values with COVID-19 are usually normal
TRUE may include leukopenia, elevated C-reactive protein but non-specific
37
Lower airway infections
1) Bronchitis 2) Bronchiolitis 3) Pneumonia
38
Bronchitis
inflammation of the large airway cough - with OR without sputum usually viral
39
Lead cause of bronchiolitis
RSV
40
With viral infections, which lungs are typically infected? a) one b) both
b) both
41
Bronchiolitis symptoms
both lungs affected wheezes, crackles
42
Bronchiolitis treatment
suctioning* supportive treatment* - calm, comfortable support resp effort with high flow, c pap, bipap saline nebulizers sometimes - mucous
43
RSV Bronchiolitis - infants and young children - sign
apnea
44
RSV Bronchiolitis - older children - sign
secondary infections typically have URT symptoms
45
RSV Bronchiolitis diagnosis
chest x-ray aspiration of nasal secretion or nasopharyngeal washings
46
Trajectory of RSV
worse --> better --> worse again
47
Pneumonia - when to admit child
lower O2 sat if they need respiratory support dehydrated failed oral antibiotics - will need IV pleural effusion
48
Pneumonia treatment
antibiotics if bacterial 1 lung
49
Aspiration pneumonia
risk for child with feeding difficulties prevention of aspiration - keep upright
50
Aspiration pneumonia - things to avoid
hydrocarbons, lipids solvents talcum powder
51
Asthma sign
wheezing
52
T or F: You may hear more wheezing after giving bronchodilators.
TRUE because you’re helping to open up the airways, not necessarily bad because you want resp sounds over no resp sounds
53
Asthma treatment
bronchodilators steroids
54
Cystic fibrosis
exocrine gland dysfunction that produces multisystem involvement most common lethal genetic illness among white children autosomal recessive - both parents have to have
55
Cystic fibrosis main systems affected (3)
1) resp 2) GI 3) pancreas
56
CF respiratory manifestations
MOST patients abnormally thick mucous difficult to expel hypoxia, hypercapnea, acidosis pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale (R sided heart failure), respiratory failure, and death
57
CF GI & pancreas manifestations
blocked pancreatic ducts can't release enzymes impaired digestion/absorption of fat, steatorrhea impaired digestion/absorption of protein pancreatic fibrosis=DM biliary cirrhosis impaired salivation
58
Stools in someone with CF
fatty stools!
59
How to diagnose CF
newborn screen
60
CF presentation (many)
wheezing respiration dry nonproductive cough generalized obstructive emphysema patchy atelectasis cyanosis clubbing of fingers and toes repeated bronchitis and pneumonia meconium ileus (thick meconium) distal intestinal obstruction syndrome fatty, foul stools prolapse of the rectum delayed puberty in females sterility in males parents report children taste “salty” dehydration hypoalbuminemia
61
CF nursing management
depends on symptoms and extent pulmonary toileting IV antibiotics, mucolytics chest physiotherapy, puffers, aerosol treatments nutrition
62
Pulmonary toileting
nutrition, medication, physio to help clear out airways

NURS 373 (12 decks)

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