communicable diseases Flashcards
(24 cards)
what is a pathogen
a microorganism that causes
list of pathogens
virus
bacteria
fungi
protist
ways of transimitions
direct contact
water
air
unhygeic food
vector
what is a virus
are not alive becuse do not compleate seven life processes they reproduce by replicating in the host cell till the cell burts killing it examples are tobacco mosaic virus HIV/AID measles
tobacco mosaic virus
The tobacco mosaic virus infects tobaccoIt is transmitted by contact between plants, either naturally or through the hands of farmers. It infects the chloroplasts of plant leaves and changes their colour from green to yellow or white in a mosaic pattern. It can also make leaves crinkle or curl up.
This reduces the plant’s ability to photosynthesise and grow properly, which reduces the crop yield for farmers.There is no cure therefore farmers must try to reduce the infection to their crops or attempt to reduce the spread of the virus.
HIV
HIV is a virus it stand for human immunodefficancy virus transmitted through dirrect contanct such as sex sharing needles symptoms are mild flu like sysmptoms
AIDS
AIDS is a virus. it stands for acuird imune defincey syndrome months of years after infection of HIV it becomes active and starts to attack the patients imune system so HIV becomes AIDS
measels
is a viral infection that is veary infectious often caught by young children it is transmited through air and tiny cough droplets or sneezes symptoms are fever skin rash
bactirea
Bacteria are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
not all bactira are pathogens and all of them are prokaryotes they cause damage by relesing toxins
gonorreah
bactirial STD symptomes are green / yellow discarge and hurts when pee ac be prevented with condoms and trated with anti biotics
salmmonella
bactiea that causes food poising often means abdominal cramps vomiting and diarhea is ofen caued by uncooked meat poultery and fish as well as contaminated
protists
eukaryotic microorganisms often spreed by vectors such as mosqitos
malaria
spread by a vector (mosquios) which carry the plasmodium protist symptoms are fever sweets and chills headaches vomiting and diarhea does cause damage to the blood and liver
fungus
fungi that cause diseases in humans or other organisms. While most fungi are not pathogenic, a subset can cause a range of infections, from superficial to life-threatening, and affect both animals and plants. These pathogens can cause disease through mechanisms like replication, immune responses, and by competing for nutrients.
athletes foot
a common fungal skin infection, often affecting the feet, particularly between the toes. It’s caused by a fungus that thrives in warm, moist environments. While not usually serious, if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body or cause nail infections
rose black spot
a fungal disease that affects rose plants, causing small, black spots on leaves. These spots can eventually turn yellow and cause leaves to drop, weakening the plant. The disease is caused by the fungus Diplocarpon rosae spreed by air and water
meathods to prevent spreed of diseases
sterillising water
sutiable hygiene
vaccunation
conctraception
skin as a non-specific defense
The skin is an active immune-rich barrier tissue, which also acts as the outermost barrier of the human body and is thus one of the first lines of defense against exogenous threats.
nose as a non-specific defense
The nose has internal hairs, which act as a physical barrier to infection. Cells in the nose produce mucus. This traps pathogens before they can enter the lungs. When the nose is blown, mucus is removed and any pathogens are trapped within it.
trachea and bronchi as a non-specific defense
trapping and removing foreign particles and pathogens from the respiratory tract, preventing them from reaching the lungs
stomach as a non-specific defense
The stomach plays a vital role in the human body’s non-specific defense system by using hydrochloric acid to kill pathogens that enter with food and water.
phagocytes
white blood cells that engulf and destroy harmful substances, pathogens, and dead or dying cells, playing a crucial role in the body’s innate immune system
lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - Specific cellular defences against pathogens …
Lymphocytes are the white blood cells involved in the specific immune response. They produce antibodies that respond to specific antigens on the surface of pathogens
incects
incects can infect plants aphid as a example they mostly affect tomatoes and roses in particular they suck sap from the plants reducing growth can be cured with ladybirds as the eat them
