Treating, curing and preventing disease Flashcards
(13 cards)
how do vacciens work
Vaccines work by triggering an immune response in the body without causing the disease. dead or weakend virus or antigens are injected into the body then the lymphocytes produce complementory antibodies to attach onto the antigens of the pathogen attracting phaygocytes that engulf and digest the phathogen and when the same pathogen gets in the body the lymphocytes know what antibodies to produce killing the pathogen
what is the praimary phase of a infection
when a new pathogen is introduced into the body and the body trys to make complentory antibodies t gey rid of the infection
what is the secondary phase of an infection
when a old pathogen is introduced in to the body the lymphocytes produce antibodes rapidly preventing the infection
what is herd immunity
resistance to the spread of an infectious disease within a population that is based on pre existing imunity s the people who are immune dont spread the disese
pain killers
chemicals that relive the symptomes of the disease but dont kill the pathogen in any way e.g paracetomol asprin
antiboitics
substance that slows down or stop the growth of bacteria these can be taken to cure the disease by killing the pathogen, but only cure bacterial diseases and not viral ones. they only damge bactiral cells not host cells
penicillin
Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. He noticed that some bacteria he had left in a
Petri dish had been killed by the naturally occurring Penicillium mould
Viral diseases
Viral diseases cannot be cured by antibiotics, as they reproduce inside the host cells. It is very difficult to develop antiviral drugs, as they might damage the host cell whist killing the virul Antiviral drugs only slow down viral development, and viruses change their antigens quickly which means new drugs have to be generated regularly
how do viruses work
a virus enters a host cell srips it coat of protien the nuclic acid in the centere of the cell is released and highjacks the cell to replicate the virus then the cell is damged realising more viruses
problems with antibiotics effecency
antibiotics are becoming less effective due to the following.
over use of antibiotcs .
falling to complete the pescribed coure.
growth of super bugs that can withstand some antibiotics.
whys to reduce antibiotic resistance
only take amout perscribed .treat specific bacteria with specific antibodies
high hygine .
patients who are infected should be isolated .
what are the three stages of testing drugs
1- test using computer models and skin grows with human steam cell to see if harmfull
2- testing on anmimals
3-human cninical trials
what is thalidomide
Thalidomide is a drug that was initially marketed as a sedative and anti-nausea medication, especially for pregnant women, in the 1950s and early 1960s. However, its use led to severe birth defects in thousands of children,
