monoclonal antibodies

Question 1

how are monoclonal anti bodies made

Answer 1

1. mouse is injected with a antigen so it makes a antibodes via lymphocytes
2. spleen cells are collected
3. spleen cells are combined with cancerous human white blood cells called myelona cells to make a hybridoma
   4.hybridoma cells indefinitly divdides making monoclonal antibodies specific to the antigen that was injected into the mouse
4. then they are collected and purified

Question 2

uses of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 2

pregnacy test kit
used to find cancers
can have drugs attached to them that can attatach to cancers

Question 3

limitations of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 3

The interactions in the human body has resulted in unwanted side effects.

Question 4

ethical factors

Answer 4

people disagree for religious or other moral reasons. Some people disagree with this use of animals to produce monoclonal antibodies In 2006 a drug trial involving humans using monoclonal antibodies to treat conditions such as arthritis and leukaemia went wrong it resulted in organ failure