Communicable Diseases Flashcards
(29 cards)
Autoimmune disease
Abnormal immune response against tissue normally in body
How do T cells speed up process
T cell stimulated by antigen presenting cell
Release cytokines to stimulate B cells
Outline the process that leads to the production of antibodies against unfamiliar bacterium
B Cell have antigen receptors complementary to one antigen
B cells differiate into plasma cell
Plasma cells amen specific Antibodies
Discuss the implications of the overuse o antibiotics when people don’t show symptoms (6) : evolution
Antibodies is Selective pressure
Bacteria gene pool has variation
Some Bacteria gain resistance
When exposed resistant Bacteria survive and pass down their allele for resistance to their offspring
Over many generations there is an increase in proportion of resistant Bacteria
Antibiotic become ineffective
Explain why it is not possible to protect against the different pathogens using only vaccine
Different pathogen has different antigen
Antigen has a specific shape
Shape of antibody must be complementary to specific antibody
Describe how cytokines molecules can stimulated specific groups of b lymphocytes to divide (3)
Cytokines have a specific shape
Cytokines bind to receptor
On membrane of b lymphocyte
Activates clonal expanison
Tuberculosis
Bacteria
Meningitis
Bacteria
Hiv/aids
Virus
Influenza
Virus
Malaria
Protist
Ringworm
Fungi
Athletes foot
Fungi
Ring rot
Bacteria
Blight
Protist
Black sigatoka
Fungi
Tmv
Virus
Continous variation
Affected by envroment
Non categoric
Quantitative
Line graph
Controlled by genes
Discontinous
Not affected by environment categories
Quantitative
Bar chart
Few genes controlled
Immunisation vs resistance
Long lasting short lasting
Active passive
Bacteria/ archea
Different
Rna polymerase
Flagella
Archea/ eukaryota
Similar
Dna replication
Rna polymerase
Histones
Animal
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Nucleus
Plant
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Cell wall - cellulose
Heterotrophic
Nucleus
