Foundation In Biol

Question 1

Cofactor

Answer 1

Non protein substance that binds to enzyme to increase activity

Question 2

Coenzyme

Answer 2

Organic cofactor

Question 3

Prosthetic group

Answer 3

Cofactor that are tightly bound to enzymes

Question 4

Temperature coefficient

Answer 4

How much ROR changes when temperature is raised by 10°c

Question 5

Q10 equation

Answer 5

R2/R1

Question 6

Q10 value

Answer 6

2
Rate is doubled when temperature increases by 10°c

Question 7

Inactive precursor

Answer 7

Inactive enzyme that can be made active

Question 8

End product inhibition

Answer 8

Product made from on enzyme used as a substrate for another enzyme until final product inhibits first enzyme

Question 9

What is the purpose of end product inhibition

Answer 9

Reduces rate of metabolic pathway

Question 10

Effects of enzyme conc

Answer 10

Enzyme inc
More enzyme collision
More ESC formed
ROR Inc’s
Substrate limited
No further effect ( pleateus )

Question 11

Effect of temp on protein

Answer 11

KE Inc
H bonds and ionic bonds break
3d tertiary stucture disrupted protein denatured
Permeability inc

Question 12

PH effect on protein

Answer 12

3d tertiary structure disrupted
H bonds and ionic bonds break
Protein denatured
Permeability inc

Question 13

High temperature on phospholipids

Answer 13

KE Inc
Phospholipids more fluidi
Permeability inc

Question 14

Solvent on membrane

Answer 14

Dissolve lipids
Permeability increased
Membrane damaged

Question 15

Cell signalling

Answer 15

Communication between cells
Specific complementary receptors

Question 16

Cell conc higher than solution
Plant name
Animal name

Answer 16

Water moves out of cell
Plasmyolysed
Crenated

Question 17

Cell has lower conc than solution
Plant
Animal

Answer 17

Water moves into cell
Turgid
Hemolysis

Question 18

Endocytosis

Answer 18

Too large
Cell surround the substance with section of membrane
Pinch off to form vesicles

Question 19

Exocytosis

Answer 19

Vesicles pinch off fuse with membranes
Requires atp

Question 20

What is endocytosis and excytosis used for

Answer 20

Bulk transpor
Requires Atp

Question 21

Fibrous vs globular

Answer 21

Insoluble spherical
Strong metabolic
Structural soluble

Question 22

Hemoglobin

Answer 22

Quaternary structure
4 Polypeptide chains
Conjugated protein has a prosthetic group that in each polypeptide chain
Called haem
Heam contain iron

Question 23

Enzyme

Answer 23

Single chain of amino acids
Both alpha and betasheet

Question 24

Insulin

Answer 24

2 polypeptide chains held by
Disulfide bonds

Question 25

Function of lipid

Answer 25

Cell membrane Protection Buoyancy Waterproofing Insulation Energy store Insolu

Question 26

Describe and explain how the structure and properties of carbs and lipids suit them as Energy stores

Answer 26

Lipids: Fats have more carbon hydrogen bonds Contain more Energy per molecule More Energy store for less space Fats are insoluble Doesn't affect osmotic potential Carbohydrates: Large molecules, insoluble don't affect water potential Compact take up less pace Glycogen more branched More rapid release of monomers

Question 27

Translation

Answer 27

Mrna attaches to ribosomes Trna antibodies bind to complementary mrna codons Trna brings a specific amino acid Amino acid joined by peptide bind Continue till we reach stop codon Polypeptide is then released from ribosomes

Question 28

Atp / Adp

Answer 28

Adenine base Ribose sugar 3 phosphate groups / 2 phosphate groups

Question 29

Degenerate

Answer 29

Some amino acids coded by more than one base triplet