Communicable diseases, disease prevention and the immune system

Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

a disease caused by a pathogen that passes from infected individuals to uninfected individuals

Question 2

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 2

a long-term disease that is not caused by pathogens

Question 3

What are the four pathogens?

Answer 3

bacteria, viruses, fungi and protoctists

Question 4

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 4

prokaryotic

Question 5

What is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis in humans?

Answer 5

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 6

How does tuberculosis affect humans?

Answer 6

the bacteria infects the lungs, causing a chronic cough and bloody mucus

Question 7

What is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis in cows?

Answer 7

Mycobacterium bovis

Question 8

Can the bacteria that causes tuberculosis in cows transmit and infect humans?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What pathogen causes ring rot?

Answer 9

bacteria

Question 10

What does ring rot affect and how?

Answer 10

in potato plants and the bacteria infect the vascular tissue and prevent the transport of water, causing the plant to wilt and die

Question 11

Give an example of a bacterial disease in humans.

Answer 11

Tuberculosis

Question 12

Give two examples of a viral disease in humans

Answer 12

HIV/AIDS and Influenza

Question 13

Give an example of a disease caused by a protoctist in humans

Answer 13

malaria

Question 14

Give an example of a fungal disease in humans

Answer 14

Athlete’s foot

Question 15

How does tuberculosis spread?

Answer 15

airborne droplets

Question 16

How does HIV/AIDS spread?

Answer 16

bodily fluids

Question 17

How does influenza spread?

Answer 17

airborne droplets

Question 18

How does malaria spread?

Answer 18

female mosquitoes

Question 19

How does athlete’s foot spread?

Answer 19

skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual or contact with an item of clothing

Question 20

Give an example of a bacterial disease in plants

Answer 20

ring rot

Question 21

What plants does ring rot infect?

Answer 21

potato and tomato

Question 22

Give an example of a viral disease in plants

Answer 22

Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 23

What plant does TMV infect?

Answer 23

tobacco plant

Question 24

Give an example of a disease caused by a protoctist in plants

Answer 24

late blight

Question 25

What plants does late blight affect?

Answer 25

potato and tomato

Question 26

Give an example of a fungal disease in plants

Answer 26

black sigakota

Question 27

What plant does black sigakota affect?

Answer 27

bananas

Question 28

How is ring rot spread?

Answer 28

an infected tuber can lead to the growth of infected new plants; contaminated soil, water and equipment

Question 29

How is TMV spread?

Answer 29

leaf-to-leaf contact between plants; humans touching different plants

Question 30

How is late blight spread?

Answer 30

spores are carried by wind from plant to plant

Question 31

How is black sigakota spread?

Answer 31

leaf-to-leaf contact; spread of spores by humans or within infected plant matter

Question 32

How do viruses infect?

Answer 32

they infect host cells and hijack their machinery to replicate their own genetic material and proteins

Question 33

What was the first virus discovered?

Answer 33

TMV

Question 34

What are the symptoms of TMV?

Answer 34

a distinct yellowing of the leaves which produces a mosaic pattern

Question 35

How many different influenza viruses are that that infect humans?

Answer 35

3: Influenza A, B and C

Question 36

Which cells do influenza viruses infect?

Answer 36

the cells that line the airways

Question 37

What are the symptoms of influenza?

Answer 37

high temperature, body aches and fatigue

Question 38

Which of the influenza viruses causes the most cases of flu globally?

Answer 38

Influenza A

Question 39

What is the structure of the genetic material in influenza A?

Answer 39

it has a capsid that surrounds 8 single-stranded molecules of RNA

Question 40

Outline the role of B memory cells in the secondary immune response

Answer 40

rapidly divide to form plasma cells which produce antibodies

Question 41

Outline the roles of phagosomes and lysosomes in phagocytosis

Answer 41

- Phagocyte engulfs pathogen in a phagosome - Lysosomes combine with phagosome - Lysosome enzymes break down/digest pathogen

Question 42

What is the pathogen that causes malaria called?

Answer 42

Plasmodium

Question 43

What are antibodies also called?

Answer 43

immunoglobulins