Communication Flashcards

Question

Trust vs Mistrust

Answer 1

(Erikson's theory) first stage of psychosocial development. This stage begins at birth and goes to approx. 18mo of age (1.5). Infant is uncertain of the world and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency. Success will lead to virtue of hope, failure will lead to mistrust and anxiety

Answer 2

(Erikson's theory) second stage of psychosocial development. This stage takes place between 18mo (1.5) to approx. 3 years. Children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success in this stage will lead to virtue of will. If children in this stage are supported in their increased independence they become more confident and secure in their own ability to survive in the world. If children are criticized, overly controlled or not given the opportunity to assert themselves, they feel inadequate in their ability to survive, may become overly dependent on others, lack self esteem, and feel shame or doubt in their abilities. Children may start putting on clothes themselves and deciding what to eat and wear etc

Answer 3

(Erikson's theory) third stage of psychosocial development. Age 3-5. Children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and other social interaction. Children regularly interacting and playing with other children, provides children the opportunity to explore their interpersonal skills through initiating activities. Children may plan activities, make up games and feel secure leading others. If children are criticized or controlled, they develop a sense of guilt and may be slow to interact with others. At this stage children will ask questions and grow knowledge. A healthy balance will lead to virtue of purpose, where failure results in guilt

Answer 4

(Erikson's theory) fourth stage of psychosocial crisis. Ages 5-12. involving industry (competence) vs inferiority. Children will be learning how to read and write, to do sums, and do things on their own. Teachers take an important role. Child's friends(friend groups) will be more significant and impact self esteem. The child will feel the need to win approval by demonstrating specific competencies that are valued by society. This will develop a sense of pride in the child's accomplishments. If children are encouraged they will feel competent and confident. If they are restricted and not encouraged they may feel discouraged, doubt their own abilities, and not reach their full potential. If a child cannot develop a skill they feel society is demanding they may develop inferiority. A balance of failure is necessary for modesty. Success in this stage will lead to virtue of competence

Answer 5

(Erikson's theory) 5th stage of psychosocial development, occurs during adolescence (12-18yrs), adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals. Transition from childhood to adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look more into the future in terms of careers, relationships, families, housing etc. The individual wants to belong to a society and fit in. This is a major stage where they learn what roles they will occupy as an adult. They will reexamine their identity to find out exactly who they are/what they want. They may feel uncomfortable about their body until they can adapt and grow into the changes. Success in this stage will lead to virtue of fidelity (commit to one self, accept other's differences. Pressuring someone into an identity can result in rebellion and a negative identity and unhappiness.

Answer 6

(Erikson's theory) 6th stage of psychosocial development (ages 18-40). During this stage, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people. Sharing yourself more intimately with other people. We explore long-term commitments with people other than family. Success in this stage will result in happy relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Avoiding these can lead to isolation, loneliness, and depression. Success in this stage will lead to virtue of love

Answer 7

(Erikson's theory) 7th stage of psychosocial development (ages 40-65). Through generativity we we develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture. We raise our children, be productive at work, and be involved in community activities and organizations. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, failure results in shallow involvement in the world. By failing to find a way to contribute we feel stagnant and unproductive. Success will lead to virtue of care

Answer 8

(Erikson's theory)8th stage of psychosocial development (age 65-death) Contemplate of accomplishments and can develop integrity if we see ourselves leading a successful life. Individuals who reflect and regret not achieving their goals will experience bitterness and despair and experience depression and hopelessness. Productiveness slows down and we explore retirement. Success in this stage will lead to virtue of wisdom (looking back on life with a sense of closure and completeness, and also accept death without fear) Wise people experience both ego integrity and despair as alternating states that need to be balanced.

Answer 9

able to drink from a cup, able to sit alone without support, babbles, displays social smile, gets first tooth. plays peek a boo, pulls self to standing position, rolls over by self, says mama and dada appropriately, understands "no" and will stop, walks while holding onto furniture or other support

Answer 10

able to feed self neatly. able to draw a line (when shown), able to run/pivot/ walk backwards, able to say first and last name, able to walk up and down stairs, begins pedaling tricycle, can name pictures of common objects and point to body parts, dresses self with only a little bit of help, imitates words, learns to share toys, learns to take turns, masters walking, knows colors, recognizes difference between male and female, uses words and understands commands, uses spoon to feed self

Answer 11

able to draw circle and square, able to draw stick figures with two to three features, able to skip, balances, may ride bicycle, recognize written words, reading skills start, catches a bounced ball, enjoys independence, enjoys rhymes and word play, hops on one foot. rides tricycle well, start school, understands size and time concepts

Answer 12

gaining skills for team sports, losing baby teeth and getting permanent teeth, growth of armpit and pubic hair, breast development, menarche may occur in girls, importance in peer recognition, reading skills develop further, routines important for daytime activity, understands and is able to follow several directions in a row

Answer 13

adult height weight and sexual maturity, Boys show growth of armpit chest and pubic hair voice changes and testicles/penis enlarge, Girls show growth of armpit and pubic hair breasts develop menstrual periods start, peer acceptance and recognition is important, able to understand abstract concepts