Communication Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
what are the steps of the communication process model? (7)
A
- source/sender
- encoding
- channel message
- decoding
- receiver
- response
- feedback and noise (leads back to 1)
2
Q
what are the qualities of effective communication (7)
A
- clear
- concise
- consistent
- creative
- sensitive to audience
- persuasive or explanatory
- open to differing opinions
3
Q
barriers to communication: issues with sending (3)
A
- not sending clear or congruent messages
- timing of message
- message not appropriate to setting
4
Q
barriers to communication: problems with receiving (4)
A
- message not interesting
- focus on sender, rather than message
- disagree with sender’s message
- pretending to listen
5
Q
channel
A
- method by which communication travels from source or sender to receiver
6
Q
setting
A
- physical surroundings
7
Q
noise (3)
A
- unwanted sound that interferes or distracts, is a barrier to learning and communication
- any interference in the communication process that prevents the message from being heard correctly
- can occur at any point in the process
8
Q
external noise
A
- noise from the environment
9
Q
internal noise
A
- noise from the sender’s/receiver’s mind
10
Q
listening: critical listening
A
listener evaluates or challenges what is heard
11
Q
listening: reflective/empathetic
A
- listening for feelings
12
Q
empathy
A
- ability to recognize and identify another’s feelings by putting oneself in that person’s place
13
Q
listening: informational
A
- acquire knowledge or instruction
14
Q
listening: pleasurable
A
- enjoyment, satisfaction
15
Q
types of symbols (4)
A
- visible
- abstract
- verbal
- nonverbal
16
Q
visible symbols
A
- can be seen
17
Q
abstract symbols
A
- ideas, rather than objects
18
Q
verbal symbols
A
- words
19
Q
nonverbal symbols
A
- anything other than words; actions
20
Q
I-message
A
- statements of fact about how an individual feels or thinks
21
Q
you-message
A
- statements that often ascribe blame or judge others; can often start arguments
22
Q
message construction
A
- information placement for maximum effort
23
Q
message content
A
- the strategies or information that may be used to communicate an idea or policy to receivers
24
Q
direct channels
A
- face-to-face talking
- less chance of miscommunication; can see receiver’s reactions
25
indirect channels
- mass communication
26
social channels (2)
- include friends, neighbours, and family members
| - channels are most likely to involve face-to-face contacts due to familiarity and proximity
27
advocate or expert communication
- more likely to contact receivers through letters, speeches, or less direct forms of communication
28
feedback of communication management (5)
- response process between sender and receiver
- closes loop in communication flow
- lets sender know message is decoded and received
- listener hears, stores, responds, and listens for next message
- control mechanism for accurate communication
29
nonverbal communication (6)
- artifacts
- proxemics
- body language
- physical characteristics
- clothes, adornment, grooming
- touching behaviour
30
acquirement of information overload (3)
- passively acquired: consumer does not seek information
- actively acquired: consumer looks and engages with information
- low involvement: may not think about information
31
information overload (2)
- leads to feelings of being overwhelmed/uncomfortable and inability to process information
- results from too much exposure to information in a short amount of time
32
information anxiety
- the gap between what individuals think they understand and what they actually do understand; space between data and knowledge
33
communication goal (2)
- provide understanding that leads to desired actions
| - to get what you want/desire from the actions of others
34
communication
process of transmitting a message from a sender to a receiver
35
interference
anything that distorts or interrupts messages
36
sending
- saying what one means to say, with agreement between verbal and nonverbal messages
37
receiving
listening to the verbal messages and observing the nonverbal messages
38
encoding
- process of putting thoughts, ideas, or information into symbolic form
39
decoding
the process by which the receiver assigns meaning to the symbols
40
message (2)
- the total communication that is sent, listened to, and received
- made up of symbols
41
symbols
- things that suggest something else through association
42
Ostrich effect
- burying one’s head in the sand; avoidance of information/communication
43
nonverbal communication: artifacts
- type, placement, or rearrangement of objects around a person as well as clothing and adornment
44
nonverbal communication: proxemics
distance between speakers
45
cultures & subcultures effect on communication
unique communication ways can cause conflicts to arise between those of different cultures:
- verbal and nonverbal
- social space
- symbols
46
the social spaces of each individual (4)
- intimate
- personal
- social
- public
47
low involvement
- tend not to think much about it and may find their attention wandering
48
habitual decision making
- choices are made out of habit without any additional information search
49
cocooning
the desire to remain at home as a place of coziness, control, peace, insulation, and protection
50
what is the role of technology in communication (5)
- permits information transmission
- have to make decision about managing information
- provides assisted activities in home
- boom for elderly, less mobile, disable individuals
- costly
51
negative aspects of technology on communication (4)
- lack of privacy
- use of online communication to manipulate others
- higher rates of sadness from using social media
- cyberbullying
52
benefits of technology to family & couples (4)
- families feel closer
- more opportunities for parent-child shared time, even when apart
- romantic couples use it to express affection when not physically together
- adolescents used it to foster positive interactions
53
what are the effects of media use in romantic relationships? (2)
- facebook use increased jealousy
| - equally satisfying to use internet or phone to communicate
54
do youth prefer texting or face-to-face communication?
- texting
55
why do youth prefer texting over face-to-face communication? (4)
- can talk to multiple people at once
- leave large gaps in conversation
- conceal truth
- can clarify any misunderstanding quickly
56
what was the ranking of media sources used for serious couples? (4)
1. cell phone
2. text messaging
3. email
4. social media, webcams, etc
57
when do serious couples mainly use media?
- to express affection
58
what do serious couples use social media less often for (in order) (3)
1. discuss serious issues
2. apologize
3. confrontational topics, to hurt partner
59
use of media sources: youth vs older
- youth used ALL media sources more than older people
60
use of media sources: married vs dating couples
- married used all media sources more than dating couples
61
which couples use media to express affection
- those more satisfied with their relationship reported using media to express affected
62
which couples use media to begin confrontational subjects
- those who were less satisfied used media to begin confrontational subjects
63
what is a key finding about text messaging?
- text messaging had the strongest association with individuals' positive and negative communication within their relationship
64
what describes positive emotions in instant messaging (3)
- punctuation
- emojis
- positive affirmations
65
what characterizes responses to positive instant messaging (5)
- quicker response
- use of punctuation
- agree with partner
- use of more words
- use of fewer affective/emotional terms
66
what circumstances can lead to family members being away? (5)
- international students
- commuter families (within a country or across country boundaries)
- travel for work
- military
- arctic, antarctic, and space stations
67
what were the rankings for communication sources between university students and their parents (4)
1. phone
2. face to face
3. email and texting
4. social networking site
68
what were the outcomes of frequent phone conversations between parent and university student
- more satisfying, supportive parental relationship
69
what were the outcomes of social networking between parent and university student
- reported loneliness and parent-child conflict
70
difficulties with communication between military and space families (5)
- when dealing with sensitive information
- finding space for privacy during communication
- concern about potential effects of too much contact or negative communication on work
- concern about frequent enough communication for each specific family
- ability to be apart of each other's lives and continue role in family
71
what did military families values most (3)
- hearing their loved one's voices
- found email best for showing intimacy and love
- care packages
72
what did space families value most (2)
- seeing faces and hearing voices
| - care packages
73
themes in military family communication (3)
- creating normality through connecting with loved ones
- understanding spoken and unspoken
- connecting and disconnecting
74
impacts of deployment on support (2)
- changing sense of self from experiences
| - continuing of common bond with peers
75
what were the family rankings of conversation topics? (7)
1. their daily activities
2. share positive and negative things from home
3. your daily activities
4. ups and downs of work
5. participating in family decision making
6. plan about the future
7. share views about world events
76
ranked preferences about how to communicate with family (3)
1. by telephone and video conferences
2. surprise with phone calls OR communication through email/social media
3. care packages
77
Ansible
- allows people to receive answers to messages in a reasonable amount of time, even over interstellar distances
78
Ansible outcomes
- crew members felt closer and more satisfied with their friends and family then crew members that did not use Ansible
