Communication Flashcards by Rayben William Sanchez

● Interchange of information between 2 or more people
● Transmission of feelings or a more personal and social interaction between people
● Any means of exchanging information or feelings between 2 or more people
● A basic component of human relationships, including nursing

COMMUNICATION

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The intent of communication is to ___________

obtain a response

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➔ Is a process.
➔ Is built on a trusting relationship with a client and the client’s support people.

COMMUNICATION

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TRUE OR FALSE:
Effective Communication is essential for the establishment of a nurse-client relationship

TRUE

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TWO MAIN PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION
➔ (1) __________
★ Encourage
★ Persuade
★ Inform/Make them aware

➔ (2) __________
★ Ask
★ Observe
★ Develop Insight
★ Interview

(1) Influence
(2) Gain Information

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● “Self Talk”
● Thinking about the message
o Before sending
o While being sent
o After it is sent
● Occurs constantly

INTRAPERSONAL

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TRUE OR FALSE:
Intrapersonal Communication can’t interfere with ability to hear the intended message

FALSE
It CAN INTERFERE with the ability to hear the intended message

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Is part of Intrapersonal communication

Mentally Rehearsing

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● One to one interaction between the nurse & another person
● most frequently used in the nursing profession
● Meaningful interpersonal communication results in:
o Exchange of ideas
o Problem solving
o Expression of feelings o Decision making
o Goal accomplishment o Team building
o Personal growth

INTERPERSONAL

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● Communication with the spiritual being or someone of the higher power
★ Example: Praying and Meditation

TRANSPERSONAL

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● Communication that takes place between members of any group

GROUP

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● 3 main functions are needed for an effective group communication:
o Must maintain a (1) __________ (unity/bond)
o Need to develop and modify its (2) __________
o Must accomplish its (3) __________

(1) degree of cohesion
(2) structure
(3) goals

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The object, situation, or event to which a symbol and/or sign refers. in initiating an action.

REFERENT

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➔ An individual or group wishing to communicate a message to another, can be considered the source-encoder
➔ Must have an idea or reason for communicating and must put the idea or feeling into a form that can be transmitted

SENDER

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Involves the selection of signs or symbols to transmit the message, such as:
◆ Which language to use
◆ How to arrange the words
◆ What tone of voice
◆ Gestures to use

Encoding

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➔ The nurse must not only deal with dialects and foreign languages but also cope with two language levels
◆ (1) __________
◆ (2) __________

(1) Layperson’s
(2) Health Professional’s

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➔ What is actually said or written
➔ the body language that accompanies the words ➔ How the message is transmitted
➔ It is important for the method to be appropriate for the message and it should help make the intent of the message clearer.

MESSAGE

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Is often appropriate for long explanations or for a communication that needs to be preserved

Written Communication

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◆ Common forms are emails and texting by computer or smartphone to another individual or group of people

Electronic Communication

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RULES AND ETIQUETTE FOR E-COMMS
● Emails should be (1) ________ and ________
● (2) ________ matters
● (3) ________ should be used sparingly
● Writing in all caps = (4) ________

(1) short / to the point
(2) Punctuation
(3) Acronyms
(4) shouting

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● Should be concise
● If information is complex, use email or telephone

Texting

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➔ The one who must listen, observe and attend
➔ The decoder, who must perceive what the sender intended (interpretation).

RECEIVER

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Means to translate the message sent via the receiver’s knowledge and experiences to sort out the meaning of the message

Decode

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➔ The message that the receiver returns to the sender
➔ It is also called the Feedback
➔ Can be either verbal or nonverbal

RESPONSE

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MODE OF COMMUNICATION Spoken or Written

Verbal

MODE OF COMMUNICATION Gestures, facial expressions, touch

Non-Verbal

TRUE OR FALSE: Although both kinds of communication occur simultaneously, most communication is verbal

FALSE Most communication is NON-VERBAL

● The most effective way to communicate. ● Things to consider when choosing what words to say or write

VERBAL

● Modifies the feeling and impact of the message

Pace and Intonation

Can express enthusiasm, sadness, anger, or amusement

Intonation

May indicate interest, anxiety, boredom or fear

Pace of speech

● Includes the use of commonly understood words, brevity and completeness

Simplicity

Is saying precisely what is meant

Clarity

Is using the fewest words necessary (being concise)

Brevity

● Timing needs to be appropriate to ensure that words are heard. ● Involves sensitivity to the client’s needs and concerns

Timing and Relevance

Spoken words need to be altered in accordance with behavioral cues from the client.

Adaptability

● Means worthiness of belief, trustworthiness, and reliability ● Fostered by being consistent, dependable and honest.

Credibility

● Can be a positive and powerful tool in the nurse-client relationship ● It must be used with care ● Consider the client’s perception of what is considered humorous.

Humor

o touch o eye contact o facial expressions o posture o gait o gestures o general physical appearance o mode of dressing and grooming o sounds o silence

NON-VERBAL

TRUE OR FALSE: Many healthcare agencies are moving toward electronic medical records where nurses document their assessments and nursing care

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Advantages o Fast & efficient o Legible o Date and time stamp o Secure communication o Better access

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE Disadvantages o Potential for privacy breach o Potential misuse o Access all

FALSE Access for SOME, not for all

➔ Language, psychosocial, and intellectual development

Development

➔ Girls tend to use language to seek confirmation, minimize differences, and establish intimacy. Boys use language and establish independence and negotiate status within the group.

Gender

Are the standards that influence behavior

Values

Are the personal view of an event.

Perceptions

Each individual is unique, perceiving and interpreting messages and experiences differently.

Values and Perceptions

Study of human space that people allow them between themselves and objects or other people

Personal Space

● Space and things ○ Individual considers as belonging to self ○ Knock before entering space ● May be visible ○ Curtains around bed unit ○ Walls of private room ○ Removing chairs to use

Territoriality

➔ Exist between the sender and receiver affect the communication process. ➔ Choice of words, sentence, structure, and tone of voice vary considerably ➔ E.g. nursing student and instructor, etc.

Roles and Relationships

➔ People usually communicate most effectively in a comfortable (1) __________ and affect communication ○ Temperature ○ Noise ○ Ventilation ➔ Lack of (2) ________ may interfere with client’s communication about matters the client considers private

(1) environment (2) privacy

Can impair and distort communication

Environmental Distraction

➔ The verbal and nonverbal aspects of the message match. ➔ Clients more readily trust the nurse when they perceive the nurse’s communication as _______. ➔ Prevents miscommunication

Congruence / congruent

If there is __________ between verbal and nonverbal expression, the body language or nonverbal communication is usually the one with the true meaning

incongruence

◆ Convey a feeling of emotional closeness

Caring and warmth

TRUE OR FALSE: ◆ Care is more enduring and intense than warmth.

TRUE

◆ (1) __________ conveys deep and genuine concern for the individual. Involves: ● Giving feelings ● Thoughts ● Skill ● Knowledge ◆ (2) __________ conveys friendliness and consideration, shown by acts of smiling and attention to physical comforts.

(1) Care (2) Warmth

Is an attitude that emphasizes the other individual’s worth and individuality.

Respect

TRUE OR FALSE: A nurse conveys respect by listening with an open mind to what the other individual is saying, even if the nurse disagrees.

TRUE

Is a speech style similar to baby talk that gives the message of dependence and incompetence and is viewed as patronizing older adults

Elderspeak

➔ are the “Defining limits of individuals, objects, or relationships” (Boyd, 2017, “Boundaries and Body Space Zones” section, para 1)

Boundaries

Are crucial in the context of the nurse–client relationship

Professional Boundaries

TRUE OR FALSE To maintain clear boundaries, the nurse keeps the focus on the client and shares personal information or meeting his or her own news through the relationship

FALSE The nurse AVOIDS sharing personal information

○ 0 to 1 1⁄2 feet ○ Characterized by body contact ○ Heightened sensations of body heat and smell ○ Low vocalization

Intimate

○ 1 1⁄2 to 4 feet ○ Moderate voice tones ○ Body heat & smell - less noticeable

Personal

○ 4 to 12 feet ○ Clear visual perception of the whole person ○ Body heat and odor are imperceptible ○ Eye contact is increased ○ Vocalizations are loud

Social Distance

○ 12 feet ○ Requires loud, clear vocalization and careful enunciation

Public

● Growth-facilitating process ● Develop over weeks of working with client, or within minutes ● Influenced by the personal and professional characteristics of the nurse & the client

HELPING RELATIONSHIP/ NURSE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP

● NPR strives to achieve two basic goals: ○ Help clients manage their (1) ________ ○ Help clients become better at (2) ________ in their everyday lives

(1) problems (2) helping themselves

TRUE OR FALSE: ● Keys to the helping relationship ○ Trust & acceptance development ○ Client’s belief that the nurse cares & wants to help him

TRUE

● Planning stage before the interview ● Nurse gathers information about client before meeting the client face to face

1. PRE-INTERACTION PHASE

1. Opening the relationship 2. Clarifying the problem 3. Structuring & formulating the contract ● Nurse & client develop a degree of trust & verbally agree on the following: a. Location, frequency & length of meeting b. The overall purpose of the relationship c. How confidential material will be handled d. Tasks to be accomplished e. Duration & indications for termination of the relationship

2. INTRODUCTORY / ORIENTATION PHASE

Nurse & client accomplished the tasks outlined in the introductory phase, enhance trust & rapport, & develop caring

3. WORKING PHASE

Working Phase Stages: 1. Exploring & understanding (1) ________ 2. Facilitating and taking (2) ________ Skills: • empathic listening and responding • respect • genuineness • concreteness • confrontation • collaborates with client in decision making • provides support • offers options and information

(1) thoughts & feelings (2) action

The phase often expected to be difficult & filled with ambivalence

TERMINATION PHASE

Communication Flashcards

(75 cards)