Communication within the brain

Question 1

How does the brain refines its neural connections to support learning and memory?

Answer 1

Neuronal Competition

Neurons need growth factors and activity to survive.
–> doesn’t get enough: “use it or lose it”

Synaptic Elimination/Pruning

Brain creates extra connections (synapses) between neurons when learning.

–> Brain removes weak or unnecessary connections, strengthens important ones.

Prioritize efficient pathways instead of keeping too many weak connections.

Question 2

What is neural plasticity?

Answer 2

The capacity for nervous system to be remodeled in response to it’s own activity (memory)

Question 3

What is long term potentiation?

Answer 3

Lasting increase of the strength of a synaptic transmission.

Question 4

How does memory and learning work?

Answer 4

Information is stored in short-term memory w temp connections (hippocampus)

If connection is strengthened, (reinforced by repetition), it is rewired to cerebral cortex for future use

All neural networks are “plastic”, able to change. (memory can be modulated by emotional signif)

Question 5

What is Multiple Sclerosis, how does it impact the nervous system?

Answer 5

(autoimmune disease where immune system attacks itself & myelin sheaths)

Myelin sheaths are lost.
–> poor signal transmission
–> fatigue, paralysis, cognitive impairment,

(extensive nerve damage)

Question 6

How does Parkinson’s disease work?

Answer 6

Brain disorder:
Loss of dopamine containing neurons

Dopamine is important for controlling movement:

Slow movements, tremors, stiff muscles, balance problems