Comp Test Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
Set of guiding moral principles that governs a person’s choice of action
A
Code of ethics
2
Q
Personal comfort zones that help a person maintain a sense of comfort and safety
A
Boundaries
3
Q
Discussions that take place when both persons are at the same height minimize the
A
Power differential
4
Q
When is it OK to massage breast tissue?
A
Only when therapy indicated, and after gaining informed consent before massage begins
5
Q
Define the power differential in a practitioner/client relationship
A
Inherent power differential is present that favors the practitioner, whereas the client is in a more vulnerable position
6
Q
Explain some signs of a client’s discomfort
A
Fidgeting, withdrawn, grimacing
7
Q
Who has the advantage in the power differential between client and practitioner?
A
Practitioner
8
Q
When a client personalizes either negative or positive a therapeutic relationship by unconsciously projecting characteristics of someone from a former relationship onto a therapist or practitioner
A
Transference
9
Q
When a therapist or practitioner personalizes a therapeutic relationship by unconsciously projecting characteristics of someone from a former relationship onto a client
almost always detrimental
A
Countertransference
10
Q
Name some signs of counter transfers
A
Thinking about a client excessively between sessions
11
Q
Maintaining healthy professional boundaries is the best defense against
A
transference and countertransference
12
Q
Any situation that combines the therapeutic relationship with a secondary relationship that extends beyond practitioner client relationship
A
Dual relationship
13
Q
You’re visiting the Saturday market and you bump into your client. Should you initiate contact?
A
No, only if they initiate with you
14
Q
What is bartering?
A
Another form of dual relationship
15
Q
If feelings or attraction develops on the part of the client, what should the practitioner do in response?
A
Maintain and uphold professional boundaries
16
Q
Hostile, aggressive, casual, pleasurable, sensual, erotic, and therapeutic are
A
7 Classifications of Touch
17
Q
The same nerve plexus that controls the lower abdomen, buttocks and thighs, also controls the
A
Genitals
18
Q
During a massage, a spontaneous erection or arousal might become
A
Uncomfortable or fearful for the practitioner, client or both
19
Q
Why does an experience LMT make the best mentor for a new practitioner?
A
Can provide insight into many aspects of developing a successful massage business or practice
20
Q
Ability to set positive goals, and achieve them
A
Self motivation
21
Q
The study of the gross structure of the body or the study of an organism and the interrelations of its parts
A
Anatomy
22
Q
The study and science of the vital processes, mechanism and functions of an organ or system of organs
A
Physiology
23
Q
The scientific study of muscular activity and the mechanics of body movement
A
Kinesiology
24
Q
The study of structural and functional changes caused by disease
A
Pathology
25
Subjective evidence of disease or bodily disorder
Symptom
26
Where is the stress or “fight or flight” hormone epinephrine produced?
Adrenal glands
27
Five primary sensations of the body
Heat, cold, pain, touch, pressure
28
Define systemic infection
Spread throughout the body
29
What’s the potential damage when a fever over 106° is present?
Damage to tissue, liver, organs, brain, and can cause death
30
_______ of the central nervous system that are injured by trauma or infection repair very slowly or not at all
Neurons
31
When the wound is healed, this span of fiberous connective tissue is called
Scar tissue
32
What does -5 indicate on the wellness scale?
Severe illness combined with bad attitude
33
A colorless, jelly-like substance that contains food elements like protein, fats, carbs, mineral salts, and water
Protoplasm
34
Process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
Anabolism
35
During embryonic stage this forms the glands of skin, nails, nervous system, lining of the mouth, anal canal, epidermis and hair
Ectodermal
36
The membrane covering the cartilage
Perichondrium
37
Composed of neurons and initiates, controls and coordinates the bodies adaptations to its surroundings
Nervous tissue
38
What kind of tissue has an abundance of fat cells? (AKA Areolar Tissue)
Adipose
39
Imaginary line the divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
Coronal plane
40
What are the two dorsal cavities?
Brain and spinal
41
What does the Stratum spinosum consist of?
Irregularly shaped cells containing melanin
42
Egg shaped preceptors found throughout subcutaneous layers and are sensitive to vibration and pressure
Pacinian Corpuscles
43
Fan like muscles connected to the base of the follicle and positioned in such a way they contract in response to cold and emotional stimuli, creating “goosebumps”
Arrector Pili
44
List locations of long bones
Legs, arms, fingers, and toes
45
In the axial skeleton, what forms a protective cage for the lungs, heart sternum?
Thoracic cage
46
Define Synarthrotic Joints
(give example)
Immovable joints
ex. skull sutures
47
Define ball and socket joints (give example)
Permits greatest range of motion
ex. Shoulders and hips
48
In older women, a fracture after a minor accident is often an indication of what?
Osteoporosis
49
The origin of a muscle is generally located closer or farther from the center of the body?
Closer to
50
Muscles that assist the primary muscle of an action
Synergy muscles
51
What does dorsal mean (related to the body)
Behind or in back of
52
What is the pericardium?
Double layered membrane that encloses the heart
53
The relaxation and enlargement of arterial walls
Vasodilation
54
The smallest microscopic thin- walled blood vessels are called
Capillaries
55
Blood exits the right ventricle of the heart and travels to the
Lungs
56
________ is a mass of blood trapped in some tissue or cavity of the body and is the result of internal bleeding
Hematoma
57
What is the function of serotonin in relation to blood clotting?
Platelets release serotonin, which is a vasoconstrictor that causes a vascular spasm closing the blood vessels
58
What part of the lymphatic system does the actual filtering?
Lymph nodes
59
The thoracic duct receives lymph from
Legs, left arm, left side of head, neck, chest and abdomen
60
What pathology is indicated when CD4 + T–cells fall below 200 per cubic millimeter of blood
AIDS or HIV
61
The transmission of HIV requires three simultaneous conditions. What are they?
High concentration of the virus, a proper environment, and a port of entry
62
Carries nerve impulses from the brain to the effectors
Motor neuron
63
What is the Dura Mater?
The outermost layer of the meninges
64
The Autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system are the two parts of the
Peripheral nervous system
65
What is unique about the sciatic nerve?
Longest and largest nerve in the body
66
Autonomic nervous system is responsible for
Regulating smooth muscles, the heart and other involuntary functions
67
Reduced heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure, and *increased* digestion are all effects of __________ _______ ________ activity
Parasympathetic nervous system
68
Soft tissue, such as muscle, fascia, tendon or ligament that puts pressure against a *nerve* causes what?
Nerve entrapment
69
What maintains the relationship between the nervous and endocrine system?
Pituitary and Hypothalamus
70
Where does the pituitary gland live?
In the head
71
Name the three hormones produced by the thyroid
Thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin
72
What are islets of Langerhans?
Specialized cells that produce the hormones glucagon and insulin
73
What gland is found on the top of each kidney?
Adrenal glands
74
What two hormones are produced by the ovaries?
Estrogen and progesterone
75
Highly infectious airborne disease that can spread through the body
Tuberculosis
76
What is the alimentary canal?
Muscular tube that goes from the lips to the anus
77
Wave like muscular movement that propels material through the alimentary canal
Peristalsis
78
What is the purpose of the Villi in the small intestine?
Greatly increases the surface area available for absorption
79
S shaped bend in the colon that connects to the colon that empties into the rectum
Sigmoid
80
Hormone produced in the kidneys that act to regulate blood pressure
Renin
81
Any physical, emotional or mental condition that might cause a particular massage treatment to be unsafe or detrimental to the clients well-being
Contraindication
82
What massage strokes will cause the skin to warm or redden slightly?
Friction and stroking
83
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Brain and spinal cord
84
What does the peripheral nervous system include?
Autonomic, cranial nerves, spinal nerves
85
Both central and peripheral nervous system are part of the
Nervous system
86
The somatic motor neurons, and the sensory neurons make up the
Cranial and spinal nerves
87
What massage technique stimulates the peripheral nerve receptors
Percussion
88
________ seems to modify behavior in a way that counterbalances the effects of norepinephrine
Serotonin
89
Massage reduces the sensation of pain..how?
Increasing concentration of endorphins, enkephalins, and other pain reducing neurochemicals in the central nervous system and bloodstream.
90
inflammation of a vein accompanied by pain and swelling
Phlebitis
91
Name four effective communication skills
Speaking, listening, writing and body language
92
Name three ways you can personalize the connection with your client
Maintaining visual contact, using their name and listen attentively
93
Name three ways a client might indicate they are feeling discomfort, and the massage may need to be altered
Fidgeting, muscle contractions and flinching
94
Being with the client, waiting until a client has finished before speaking, repeating what client has said and gaining agreement from the client are the four ways you can practice
Active listening
95
after the initial consultation, what should you begin each follow up session with?
A short question-and-answer period to determine any changes in conditions or course of treatment.
96
Name the five policies and procedures you should discuss during your initial consultation
Types of services offered, session procedures, qualifications, business policies, and fees
97
Define your appointment policy
State that information shared during the session and all client files are confidential, except when subpoenaed by a court of law
Included in business policies
98
The clients health history may change, so updates are required whenever the health status has changed such as
New medication and diagnosis
99
What is a body diagram used for?
Have client point out painful or stiff areas that require attention
100
What is the treatment plan?
Outline the practitioner can follow when giving massage treatments
101
What is the value of conducting a post session interview?
Evaluating the client’s massage experience in what techniques and modalities were effective
102
Putting a single line through the error and adding the new information is utilized when
Making corrections on handwritten records
103
Name the movement that occurs in the axial skeleton
Lateral flexion
104
Two areas of the body that pronation occurs and describe the movement
Radius crosses over the Ulna turning the palm down
Mid-Tarsal joint unlocks at mid stance and turns the foot inward
105
Name an area of the body that opposition occurs
The thumb
106
Name two ankle movements
Plantar Flexion and Dorsiflexion
107
Walking on the heels of your foot would be what ankle movement?
Dorsiflexion
108
Lateral deviation occurs in what area of the body?
Mandible
109
Plane of movement that divides the body into upper and lower parts
Transverse plane
110
When referring to the trunk of the body, which directional terms are used?
Cranial and Caudal
111
What is the directional term when the body structure is anatomically closer to the trunk?
Proximal
112
Where would a posterior structure of the body be located?
Closer to back of body than front
113
Where would a lateral structure of the body be located?
Further from midline of the body
114
When a structure is closer to the bodies surface, it is called
Superficial
115
Movement that bends a joint or brings bones closer together
Flexion
116
Moving a limb laterally away from the midline
Abduction
117
When the anterior surface of the thigh swings away from the midline
Lateral rotation of the thigh
118
Movement of the head and vertebral column along the transverse plane is called
Rotation
119
Which movements are used in circumduction?
Flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
120
Using the anatomical term, where is the popliteal?
Situated in the area posterior to the knee
121
What region of the body is the axillary located?
The armpit
122
Section of the skeleton that includes Vertebral column and ribs
Axial skeleton
123
What does the synovial joint contain besides synovial fluid?
Joint cavity
124
What movement is the ball and socket joint capable of?
Movement in every plane
125
Where is the ellipsoid joint found?
Radiocarpal/Wrist
126
Where is the gliding joint found?
Carpals and Tarsals
127
Articulation between the trapezium and first metacarpal of the thumb are an example of
A saddle joint on the hand
128
Malaria is a disease caused by a
Protozoa
129
What process limits the spread of infection and prepares an area for healing?
Inflammation
130
An x-linked genetic anomaly usually causes
Muscular dystrophy
131
Becker MD and Duchenne MD are the most common forms of
Muscular dystrophy
132
What condition would you passively dorsiflex the foot and work the Achilles tendon?
Cramp in calf that might be caused by dehydration or over exercising
133
What mineral aids in blood clotting, nerve transmission, and chemical buffering?
Calcium
134
What are some signs that a person may have ligament laxity and a risk of osteoarthritis?
If a sprain does not heal well
135
Jaw pain; loss of range of motion at the jaw; popping and clicking at the jaw might be
TMJ disorder
136
Describe how a ganglion cyst presents
Hard, painless lump often on the tendons of joints
137
Foot pain, calluses and ankle instability are likely to be symptoms of
Pes Caves
138
Neck injuries could cause symptoms of what syndrome?
Carpal tunnel
139
Small cumulative injuries in the annulus fibrosis leading to structural weakness
Degenerative disc disease
140
Atherosclerosis is most likely to lead to what conditions?
Arterial thrombus or arterial embolism
141
Bone fractures are one unique symptom that occurs in what type of blood cancer?
Myeloma
142
The inheritance of the positive gene from one parent is the leading cause of what trait?
Sickle cell trait
143
What type of massage could cause the adverse event of sickle cell crisis?
Damaged erythrocytes block a small artery or capillaries, preventing blood flow to the starving tissue
Rigorous massage
144
Endothelial damage from hypertension and other factors is the most reliable first step in developing what disease?
Atherosclerosis
145
Client is 42 and has lost 25 pounds in the last three months but is still 50 pounds overweight. He has had two heart attacks and a coronary bypass surgery. What is your best strategy?
Work within his capacity for adaptation, make accommodations for his medication’s
146
What is the best option for working with a client with Raynaud’s disease?
Work with them normally
Offer a paraffin bath to promote vasodilation if you have the facilities
147
Varicosities that are permanently dilated capillaries or venules clearly visible on the skin and occur on a very small scale
Talangiectasias
148
Multiple electrical impulses cause the atria to contract rapidly and weakly, which is the main contributing factor of what
Afib
149
When air rushes in to fill a vacuum created by thoracic muscles, it best describes
Inhalation
150
Genetic anomalies and/or exposure to pollutants cause irreversible damage to alveoli best describes which disease
Emphysema
151
What are radiation, cigarette smoke and asbestos well established in causing?
Cancer
152
When working on a client when and where do you use soap and warm water?
On your hands before touching a client
153
Five common modes of disease transmission
Ingestion, inhalation, direct contact with mucus membranes, skin contact, and invasion broken skin
154
Minute unicellular microorganisms exhibiting both plant and animal characteristics
Bacteria
155
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms
Viruses
156
Organisms that thrive in warm, moist environments.
Found mostly in humans on the skin and mucous membranes
Fungi
157
Name types of fungal infections
Candidas, athletes foot, ringworm, and vaginal yeast infection
158
Examples of parasites that affect humans
Ticks, fleas and mites
159
Head lice is considered a
Parasite
160
What machine could be used for sterilization?
Autoclaves (high pressure steam equipment)
161
When is the surface considered properly cleaned?
When the number of contaminants have been greatly reduced
162
What should contain an EPA registration number in a massage setting?
On any disinfectant
163
How long should it take to wash and brush the nails on both hands?
60 seconds
164
According to the standard precautions for massage practitioners, when should you put on gloves?
When there is potential exposure to blood, non-intact skin or other bodily fluids
165
When an exposure incident occurs, what should you do before cleansing the wound with antiseptic?
Glove up
166
A fresh bleach solution should be mixed every ______ or when the solution has been __________
24 hours, contaminated
167
Full sheet draping uses ONE ___________________ to cover the table and wrap the client
Full-size flat sheet
168
How does the use of Terry cloth wraps differ from men and women?
Cover breast tissue on women, around the waist for men
169
Where do you instruct your client to place the opening of the wrap/towel/sheet?
At their side
170
Name the three positions a client would lie on the massage table?
Prone, Supine, Side-lying
171
How do you position/bolster a client to take pressure off the cervical spine while prone?
Place a bolster under their chest
172
When your client is in the prone position, a bolster under the ankles prevents what?
Hyperextension of the knees/ankles
173
What’s a common alternative to a table massage for a client that cannot lie down?
Chair massage
174
After _________________________________, remember to keep in contact with the client‘s body throughout the procedure
Draping and applying lubricant to the part of the body to be massaged
175
How many times should your client have to change positions?
Only once or twice
176
When working on an area or performing a stroke what is the general rule?
Superficial to deep back to superficial
General to specific back to general
177
When applying lubricant to your hands, why do you rub your hands together?
To warm the lubricant to your body temperature
178
According to the order of treatment, what part of the body should you end your massage with?
The back
179
General arm massage: what is the steps before and after kneading the arm from shoulder to wrist?
Before: apply gliding to both the anterior and posterior aspect of the arm
After: apply gliding from the wrist to the shoulder
180
A repeated hand over hand gliding movement
Shingles stroke
181
Step two of procedure for general massage for the back of body
Beginning on the low back
182
What accommodations would you make while performing a face massage on a client wearing contact lenses
Avoid the eyes
183
Is it OK to use lubricant on a client scalp?
No
184
To complete a full body massage where should you place your hands while the client is prone?
Sacrum and base of neck
185
Circular friction is applied when massaging a clients
Neck
186
Is the business theme that is derived from the owners dreams and ideals
Purpose
187
Summarize the three criteria the IRS uses to differentiate between an independent contractor and an employee
Behavioral control, financial control, relationship with the business
188
Is an individual business owner, responsible for all expenses, obligations, liabilities, and assets
Sole proprietorship
189
Name some things that would be considered professional fees
Attorney, accountant, graphic artist, web designer, and business coach
190
If a business has a strong word of mouth reputation, it can be located
In an out of the way prestigious location
191
What is an employers identification number (EIN)?
The federal tax identification number issued to businesses and is used on all tax related forms
192
Is it OK for your receptionist to share client information?
No
193
How long do you keep all financial records?
At least 7 years
194
What is an income ledger?
Summary of all cash receipts, or invoices
195
What is a P&L (profit & loss) statement?
Summary of the income and expenses for a particular period such as monthly, quarterly, or annually.
196
What information should you include on your business card?
Name, business address, phone number, email, and/or website
197
How many business cards should you give to an individual at any time?
Two or three so they can pass one along to someone else
198
What should you consider when selecting a business location?
Population, transportation facilities, quite enough to induce relaxation, space required, zoning ordinance, and parking
