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Animal nutrition > Companion animal nutrition > Flashcards

Companion animal nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are Canis Familiaris?

A

Domesticated Dog

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2
Q

Are dogs monogastric or ruminent?

A

Monogastric

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3
Q

How much more acidic is a dog’s stomach than a human’s stomach?

A

1000x

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4
Q

Are dogs Carnivores, Herbivores or Omnivores

A

Omnivores

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5
Q

To maintain a healthy dog, what must a diet do?

A
  • Provide correct amount, balance and availability to sustain physical and mental health.
  • Promote peak condition in the animal to reduce susceptibility to disease.
  • Be sufficiently concentrated to allow the animal to meet its requirements by eating enough to meet appetite limits.
  • Be sufficiently palatable to ensure an adequate intake.
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6
Q

What is the formula for healthy dog RER (resting energy requirements)

A

70W^0.75

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7
Q

What are some examples of feeding methods?

A
  • Free-choice feeding
  • Time-restricted meal feeding
  • Food-restricted meal feeding
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8
Q

Factors to consider in a diet?

A
  • Do the five main food groups appear in the diet?
  • What is the quality and source of the protein?
  • What is the fat content of the protein source?
  • What is the carbohydrate to protein ratio?
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9
Q

What should the carbohydrate ratio be in dogs and cats?

A

Cats - 2:1, Dogs: 3:1

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10
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A diet which allows no net gain or loss of nutrients from the body, to maintain a state of metabolic equilibrium

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11
Q

What are the conditions for a balanced diet?

A
  • Each nutrient must be present in the correct ratio.
  • Each nutrient must be at the correct ratio to other nutrients.
  • Each nutrient must be in the form that is usable by the animal.
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12
Q

What is the most vital of all nutrients?

A

Water

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13
Q

What are the daily water requirements?

A

60ml/kg of body weight per day

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14
Q

What are some of the functions of water?

A
  • Chemical reactions
  • Thermoregulation
  • Solvent for minerals and waste products
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15
Q

What are Carbohydrates?

A

Sugar molecules including fibre

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16
Q

What does the length of the carbohydrate mean?

A

The longer the chain of sugars, the harder it is for the body to digest

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17
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A
  • Energy source (ATP) via glycolysis
  • Metabolised for energy
  • Once metabolised it can be used to build amino acids (proteins)
  • Stored as fat
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18
Q

What are the carb requirements?

A

Energy expenditure dependent

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19
Q

What is fibre?

A

Complex carbohydrates that are resistant to mammalian digestive enzymes

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20
Q

What are the functions of fibre?

A
  • Delaying gastric emptying.
  • Stabilising gastric mobility time.
  • Aiding maintenance of GI tract.
21
Q

What are the daily requirements of Fibre?

A

5% of total nutrients daily

22
Q

What does protein consist of?

A

23 different amino acids

23
Q

What are the two types of amino acids?

A

Essential and Non-essential

24
Q

Why must essential amino acids be consumed?

A

They cannot be synthesised

25
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A
  • Structural components of biological compounds (building blocks)
  • Proteins function as enzymes, hormones and antibodies.
  • Energy source
26
Q

What are the daily protein requirements?

A

Cats: 26% | Kittens: 30% | Dogs: 18% | Puppies: 22%

27
Q

What are lipids?

A

Chains of fatty acids (n-3 and n-6 acids are most important for pets). These are known as essential fatty acids (EFAs).

28
Q

What acid can cats not synthesise?

A

Cats cannot synthesize arachidonic acid (n-6) which is only found in animal fats

29
Q

Functions of lipids?

A
  • Meeting energy requirements (more dense than protein and carbs)
  • Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K).
  • Phospholipid bilayers
  • Insulation and protection
  • Hormones (e.g. prostaglandins)
  • Waterproofing of fur (and feathers)
30
Q

What are the requirements of lipids?

A

Minimum supply of EFAs

31
Q

What are Vitamins?

A

Organic compounds essential in small amounts

32
Q

What are the two types of vitamins?

A

Fat-soluble and Water-solubke

33
Q

What are the Fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K and Choline

34
Q

What are the Water-soluble Vitamins?

A

B1, B2, B6, B12, C Pantothenic acid, Niacin, Biotin and Folic acid

35
Q

What differs between species with Vitamins?

A

The minimum and Maximum requirements for each vitamin

36
Q

What are minerals?

A

Inorganic substances within the diet

37
Q

What is Felis catus?

A

Domesticated Cat

38
Q

Are cats Carnivores, Herbivores or Omnivores?

A

Carnivores

39
Q

What are cats absent of?

A

Amylase

40
Q

What is one of the essential amino acids in cats?

A

Arginine

41
Q

What does Arginine do?

A

Involved in the removal of ammonia through the urea cycle

42
Q

What can a deficiency of Arginine lead to?

A

Diarrhoea, weight loss, food refusal, ataxia

43
Q

What is another essential amino acid in cats?

A

Taurine

44
Q

What does Taurine do?

A

Important in metabolising food and energy expenditure

45
Q

What are the consequences of Taurine deficiency?

A

Blindness, Heart disease, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Deafness, Digestive issues, Weakened immune response (symptoms are chronic)

46
Q

What are the sources of Taurine?

A

Raw muscle tissue (heart is the most efficient)

47
Q

What animals have the highest Taurine count?

A

Rodents and Birds

48
Q

How much Taurine is required in cats per day?

A

100mg

Animal nutrition (8 decks)

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