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animal nutrition > Introduction to Nutrition > Flashcards

Introduction to Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is food?

A

Material which after ingestion from an animal is capable of being digested and absorbed

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2
Q

Is all food utilised by the body?

A

No

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3
Q

What is the name for the material this IS utilised?

A

Nutrients

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4
Q

What are some examples of some nutrients?

A
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
  • Lipids
  • Fibre
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5
Q

What are the two types of dry matter?

A

Organic and Inorganic

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6
Q

Are minerals organic or inorganic?

A

Inorganic

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7
Q

What are the two types of nutrients?

A

Macronutrients and Micronutrients

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8
Q

What are the three main Micronutrients?

A

Water, Vitamins and Minerals

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9
Q

What are the three main Macronutrients?

A

Carbs, Lipids and Proteins

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10
Q

What are some examples of Vitamins?

A

Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D etc.

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11
Q

What are some examples of Minerals?

A

Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium etc.

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12
Q

What is the second most important Requirment for animals?

A

Water

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13
Q

How much loss of body water will result in death or serious illness?

A

15%

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14
Q

How much water do mammals require?

A

70% (Adult), 75% (Offspring), 60% (Geriatric)

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15
Q

What is is ingested water?

A

Fluids consumed through drinking water

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16
Q

What is metabolic water?

A

Produced by the body through oxidation of protein, fat and carbs

17
Q

What are some examples of water requirements?

A
  • Chemical reactions within the body
  • Water is a solvent
  • Lubricant for body tissues
  • Transport medium throughout the body
  • Blood and lymph production
  • Thermoregulation
  • Respiration
18
Q

What is protein?

A

A complex folded chain of amino acids (polypeptide chain)

19
Q

How many existing amino acids are there?

A

23 (essential and non-essential)

20
Q

What does HBV and LBV stand for?

A

High biological value and Low biological value

21
Q

What does the Biological value percentage depend on?

A

The number of amino acids the product contains

22
Q

What is the role of protein in the body?

A
  • Structural components of organs and tissues: Collagen and elastin, Muscle, Keratin, Blood
  • Enzymes
  • Hormones
  • Antibodies
  • DNA
  • Energy
23
Q

What are lipids?

A

Lipids are fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body

24
Q

What are the two types of lipids?

A

Single and conjugated

25
Q

What is a single lipid?

A

long, medium, and short chains and esters of fatty acids with glycerol (tryglycerides are the most common)

26
Q

What is a conjugated lipid?

A

lipids linked with other molecules

27
Q

What are the lipids role in the body?

A
  • Energy source
  • Storage
  • Fat soluble vitamin absorption
  • Cell membrane formation (phospholipids)
  • Protection of organs
  • Insulation
  • Waterproofing
  • Hormone formation
28
Q

What are carbs?

A

Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules

29
Q

What are the four main categories of carbs?

A
  • Monosaccharides (simple sugars easily absorbed: glucose and fructose),
  • Disaccharides (double sugars, two monosaccharides).

Oligosaccharides (short chains of monosaccharides)

Polysaccharides (complex bundles of monosaccharides)

30
Q

What is the carbs role in the body?

A
  • Energy – glucose is most crucial for nervous system and blood cells.
  • Glucoregulation
  • Lactose production
  • Aids in lipid metabolism
  • Converted and stored as fat
31
Q

What is dietary fibre?

A

Matter indigestible by enzymes, bacteria within the gut may be able to utilise fibre

32
Q

What are the two main types of fibre?

A

Soluble and Insoluble in water

33
Q

What are the benefits of fibre?

A
  • It delays gastric emptying
  • Alters nutrient absorption
  • Maintains gut mucosa
  • Increases bulk loading capacity of faeces
34
Q

What factors could influence nutritional needs?

A

Species, sex, age, physical state, environment, health and reproductive state

animal nutrition (8 decks)

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