Introduction to Nutrition

Question 1

What is food?

Answer 1

Material which after ingestion from an animal is capable of being digested and absorbed

Question 2

Is all food utilised by the body?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What is the name for the material this IS utilised?

Answer 3

Nutrients

Question 4

What are some examples of some nutrients?

Answer 4

• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Lipids
• Fibre

Question 5

What are the two types of dry matter?

Answer 5

Organic and Inorganic

Question 6

Are minerals organic or inorganic?

Answer 6

Inorganic

Question 7

What are the two types of nutrients?

Answer 7

Macronutrients and Micronutrients

Question 8

What are the three main Micronutrients?

Answer 8

Water, Vitamins and Minerals

Question 9

What are the three main Macronutrients?

Answer 9

Carbs, Lipids and Proteins

Question 10

What are some examples of Vitamins?

Answer 10

Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D etc.

Question 11

What are some examples of Minerals?

Answer 11

Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium etc.

Question 12

What is the second most important Requirment for animals?

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

How much loss of body water will result in death or serious illness?

Answer 13

15%

Question 14

How much water do mammals require?

Answer 14

70% (Adult), 75% (Offspring), 60% (Geriatric)

Question 15

What is is ingested water?

Answer 15

Fluids consumed through drinking water

Question 16

What is metabolic water?

Answer 16

Produced by the body through oxidation of protein, fat and carbs

Question 17

What are some examples of water requirements?

Answer 17

• Chemical reactions within the body
• Water is a solvent
• Lubricant for body tissues
• Transport medium throughout the body
• Blood and lymph production
• Thermoregulation
• Respiration

Question 18

What is protein?

Answer 18

A complex folded chain of amino acids (polypeptide chain)

Question 19

How many existing amino acids are there?

Answer 19

23 (essential and non-essential)

Question 20

What does HBV and LBV stand for?

Answer 20

High biological value and Low biological value

Question 21

What does the Biological value percentage depend on?

Answer 21

The number of amino acids the product contains

Question 22

What is the role of protein in the body?

Answer 22

• Structural components of organs and tissues: Collagen and elastin, Muscle, Keratin, Blood
• Enzymes
• Hormones
• Antibodies
• DNA
• Energy

Question 23

What are lipids?

Answer 23

Lipids are fatty compounds that perform a variety of functions in your body

Question 24

What are the two types of lipids?

Answer 24

Single and conjugated

Question 25

What is a single lipid?

Answer 25

long, medium, and short chains and esters of fatty acids with glycerol (tryglycerides are the most common)

Question 26

What is a conjugated lipid?

Answer 26

lipids linked with other molecules

Question 27

What are the lipids role in the body?

Answer 27

- Energy source - Storage - Fat soluble vitamin absorption - Cell membrane formation (phospholipids) - Protection of organs - Insulation - Waterproofing - Hormone formation

Question 28

What are carbs?

Answer 28

Carbohydrates, or carbs, are sugar molecules

Question 29

What are the four main categories of carbs?

Answer 29

- Monosaccharides (simple sugars easily absorbed: glucose and fructose), - Disaccharides (double sugars, two monosaccharides). Oligosaccharides (short chains of monosaccharides) Polysaccharides (complex bundles of monosaccharides)

Question 30

What is the carbs role in the body?

Answer 30

- Energy – glucose is most crucial for nervous system and blood cells. - Glucoregulation - Lactose production - Aids in lipid metabolism - Converted and stored as fat

Question 31

What is dietary fibre?

Answer 31

Matter indigestible by enzymes, bacteria within the gut may be able to utilise fibre

Question 32

What are the two main types of fibre?

Answer 32

Soluble and Insoluble in water

Question 33

What are the benefits of fibre?

Answer 33

- It delays gastric emptying - Alters nutrient absorption - Maintains gut mucosa - Increases bulk loading capacity of faeces

Question 34

What factors could influence nutritional needs?

Answer 34

Species, sex, age, physical state, environment, health and reproductive state