companion animal pathogens

Question 1

What is general info about Rickettsiales?

Answer 1

-Obligate intracellular parasite
-Replication in tick

Question 2

Rickettsia rickettsii causes what disease in what species?

Answer 2

Rocky mountain spotted fever in humans and dogs

Question 3

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes what disease in what species?

Answer 3

Tick-borne fever in dogs, ruminants, horses and humans. Granulocytotropic anaplasmosis

Question 4

Ehrlichia canis causes what disease in what species?

Answer 4

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs

Question 5

Neorickettsia helminthoeca causes what disease in what species?

Answer 5

Salmon poisoning in canids

Question 6

How would you diagnose Rickettsia rickettsii?

Answer 6

IHC or immunofluorescence

Question 7

Virulence factors of Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 7

-Outer membrane protein A (ompA) –> adhesin
-Phospholipase D

Question 8

What does cell to cell spread of Rickettsia rickettsii cause?

Answer 8

pathologic hallmark vasculitis and endothelial cell injury

Question 9

Clinical signs of RMSF

Answer 9

-Fever
-Early cutaneous lesions
-Petechial hemorrhages
-Necrosis with vasculitis

Question 10

How would you diagnose Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 10

-Serology
-IHC
-PCR
*Culture not performed
*Use blood, serum, or cutaneous biopsies

Question 11

What type of cells does Anaplasma phagocytophilum target

Answer 11

Granulocytes

Question 12

Clinical signs of granulocytotropic anaplasmosis

Answer 12

-Acute fever
-Lethargy
-Generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly

Question 13

What cell does Ehrlichia canis infect

Answer 13

Monocytes

Question 14

What is the pathogenesis of Ehrlichia canis infection

Answer 14

Monocytes carry bacteria to lymph nodes and they escape into circulation and go to other lymph nodes, spleen and liver.

Question 15

What 2 clinical signs does Ehrlichia canis cause?

Answer 15

Hemorrhage (in lungs) and vasculitis

Question 16

What is Neorickettsia helminthoeca transmitted by?

Answer 16

Flukes

Question 17

Neorickettsia helminthoeca is a highly ________ disease in dogs

Answer 17

Fatal

Question 18

What occurs after infection with Neorickettsia helminthoeca?

Answer 18

1. Fever 5-7 days after ingestion
2. Mild to severe GIT signs (diarrhea)
3. Marked anorexia and wasting
4. Death can occur 18 days after ingestion

Question 19

Diagnostics for anaplasmosis

Answer 19

-Cytology
-Serology
-PCR
-Fecal float
*Blood, serum, aspirates, feces

Question 20

Characteristics of Mycoplasma hemofelis

Answer 20

-Infects domestic and wild cats
-Transmitted through tick bites, orally, or bite wounds
-Erythrocytic parasites that adhere to surface of RBCs

Question 21

Clinical signs of Mycoplasma hemofelis (feline infectious anemia)

Answer 21

-Acute anemia
-Pyrexia

Question 22

Mycoplasma hemofelis can be a _______ infection

Answer 22

Latent

Question 23

Diagnostics for Mycoplasma hemofelis

Answer 23

-Cytology
-PCR
*Not culturable
*Blood sample

Question 24

How would u treat Mycoplasma hemofelis

Answer 24

Doxycycline or fluoroquinolones

Question 25

Characteristics of Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)

Answer 25

-Spirochete -Microaerophilic to anaerobic -Obligate parasite

Question 26

Borrelia burgdorferi virulence factors

Answer 26

-Outer surface proteins -Surface lipoproteins -Flagella

Question 27

What is the primary stage of Borrelia burgdorferi pathogenesis?

Answer 27

-Bacteria multiply in skin but quickly enter bloodstream -Most are phagocytized -Slow humoral response -Causes neutrophilic polyarthritis

Question 28

What are clinical signs of Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs

Answer 28

Most show no clinical signs, but if they develop it'll be lameness, swollen, warm, painful joints

Question 29

Diagnostics for Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 29

-Serology -Fluorescent antibody -PCR *Blood or biopsies of cutaneous lesions

Question 30

Characteristics of Bartonella henselae (cat scratch fever)

Answer 30

-Gram negative -Aerobic -Facultative intracellular

Question 31

How is Bartonella henselae transmitted?

Answer 31

Fleas, cat bites/scratches

Question 32

What are the hosts of Bartonella henselae

Answer 32

Humans and dogs. Cats are a reservoir host

Question 33

What are clinical signs of Bartonella henselae in dogs

Answer 33

-Fever -Endocarditis -Granulomatous lymphadenitis -Cardiac arrhythmias -Granulomatous rhinitis

Question 34

Characteristics of Francisella tularensis (tularemia)

Answer 34

-Aerobic -Intracellular -Gram negative

Question 35

What are the affected hosts of Francisella tularensis

Answer 35

Dogs, cats, humans

Question 36

How is Francisella tularensis transmitted

Answer 36

-Ticks -Direct contact with infected animals -Ingestion of infected animals or contaminated water

Question 37

What is the infectious dose of Francisella tularensis

Answer 37

10-50 organisms (highly infectious!!)

Question 38

What are the forms of Francisella tularensis (5)

Answer 38

-Ulcerative -Ulceroglandular -Ocular -Typhoidal -Pneumonic

Question 39

Characteristics of Yersinia pestis (the plague)

Answer 39

-Gram negative -Reservoir host in rodents -Affected host is cats and humans

Question 40

How is Yersinia pestis transmitted

Answer 40

fleas, direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of infected animals

Question 41

What kind of cell does Yersinia pestis replicate in

Answer 41

Mononuclear cells

Question 42

What are 3 forms of Yersinia pestis

Answer 42

Bubonic Pneumonic Systemic

Question 43

How can cats spread Yersinia pestis?

Answer 43

They become bacteremic and its within their salvia so they can spread it by biting

Question 44

Diagnostics for Yersinia pestis

Answer 44

-IHC -Serology -PCR *swabs from ulcers/wounds, tissues, blood