Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CONO Immunology > complement system > Flashcards

complement system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the complement system?

A

To enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: The complement system is part of the adaptive immune system.

A

False: It is part of the innate immune system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fill in the blank: The complement system consists of a series of ______ that work together to fight infections.

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three main pathways of complement activation?

A

Classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which complement protein is known as the central component of the complement system?

A

C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a product of complement activation? A) C5a B) IgG C) T cells

A

A) C5a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What role does C3b play in the complement system?

A

It acts as an opsonin to promote phagocytosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: The alternative pathway is activated by the binding of antibodies to pathogens.

A

False: It is activated directly on microbial surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the end result of the complement activation cascade?

A

Formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fill in the blank: The complement system can lead to the formation of ______, which can lyse pathogens.

A

pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which complement protein is involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells?

A

C5a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Multiple choice: Which pathway is initiated by the binding of antibodies to antigens? A) Classical B) Alternative C) Lectin

A

A) Classical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of factor B in the alternative pathway?

A

It is cleaved by factor D to form the C3 convertase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False: The complement system can directly kill pathogens without the involvement of antibodies.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the lectin pathway?

A

It is activated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin to carbohydrates on pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fill in the blank: The complement system can enhance the ______ response by promoting inflammation.

A

immune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which complement component is responsible for forming the membrane attack complex?

A

C9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system? A) Opsonization B) Lysis of cells C) Antibody production

A

C) Antibody production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the significance of regulatory proteins in the complement system?

A

They prevent damage to host cells by controlling complement activation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False: Complement proteins are only produced during an immune response.

A

False: They are produced continuously by the liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fill in the blank: Complement activation can lead to ______, which helps eliminate immune complexes.

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the relationship between complement and antibodies?

A

Antibodies can activate the complement system by binding to antigens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which complement component is known as an anaphylatoxin?

A

C3a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Multiple choice: Which complement pathway is most rapidly activated during an infection? A) Classical B) Alternative C) Lectin

A

B) Alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the role of C4b in the classical pathway?
It forms part of the C3 convertase.
26
True or False: The complement system can also participate in the elimination of apoptotic cells.
True
27
What are interleukins?
Interleukins are a group of cytokines that are produced by leukocytes and act on other leukocytes.
28
True or False: Interleukins are involved in immune system regulation.
True
29
Which interleukin is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of T cells?
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
30
Fill in the blank: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key mediator of _____ in the immune response.
inflammation
31
What role does Interleukin-6 (IL-6) play in the body?
IL-6 is involved in inflammation and the maturation of B cells.
32
Multiple Choice: Which interleukin is known for its role in the differentiation of Th17 cells? A) IL-4 B) IL-17 C) IL-6 D) IL-10
B) IL-17
33
Short Answer: Name two interleukins that are involved in the activation of B cells.
IL-4 and IL-6
34
True or False: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is considered an anti-inflammatory cytokine.
True
35
What is the primary function of Interleukin-12 (IL-12)?
IL-12 promotes the differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells.
36
Fill in the blank: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is primarily known for its role as a _____ factor.
chemotactic
37
Multiple Choice: Which interleukin is primarily involved in allergic responses? A) IL-2 B) IL-4 C) IL-10 D) IL-12
B) IL-4
38
What is the function of Interleukin-5 (IL-5)?
IL-5 is essential for the growth and differentiation of eosinophils.
39
True or False: All interleukins are produced exclusively by T cells.
False
40
Short Answer: Which interleukin is a marker for acute inflammation?
Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
41
What is the role of Interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the immune system?
IL-17 is involved in the recruitment of neutrophils and the promotion of inflammation.
42
Fill in the blank: The interleukin family consists of over _____ distinct cytokines.
40
43
Multiple Choice: Which interleukin is known for its role in the inhibition of T cell responses? A) IL-2 B) IL-10 C) IL-1 D) IL-6
B) IL-10
44
True or False: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is crucial for the survival of memory T cells.
True
45
What is the primary source of Interleukin-1 (IL-1)?
Monocytes and macrophages
46
Short Answer: Name a therapeutic use of interleukin inhibitors.
Treatment of autoimmune diseases
47
Fill in the blank: Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is primarily produced by _____ cells.
Th2
48
Multiple Choice: Which interleukin has a critical role in the response to viral infections? A) IL-1 B) IL-6 C) IL-12 D) IL-4
C) IL-12
49
What is the effect of Interleukin-23 (IL-23) on T cells?
IL-23 promotes the survival and proliferation of Th17 cells.
50
True or False: Interleukins can have both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
True
51
Short Answer: Which interleukin is associated with the pathogenesis of psoriasis?
Interleukin-23 (IL-23)
52
What is the function of Interleukin-18 (IL-18)?
IL-18 enhances the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) from T and NK cells.
53
What are cytokines?
Cytokines are small proteins that are important in cell signaling, particularly in the immune system.
54
True or False: Cytokines can only be produced by immune cells.
False: Cytokines can be produced by a variety of cell types, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts.
55
Fill in the blank: Cytokines play a crucial role in _____ and inflammation.
immune response
56
What are the main functions of cytokines?
Cytokines mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis.
57
Which type of cytokine is primarily involved in the inflammatory response?
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
58
Name one example of a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
59
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a cytokine? A) Interferon B) Tumor Necrosis Factor C) Hemoglobin
C) Hemoglobin
60
True or False: All cytokines have the same function.
False: Different cytokines have various and specific functions.
61
What is the role of chemokines?
Chemokines are a subset of cytokines that primarily induce chemotaxis in immune cells.
62
Fill in the blank: Cytokines can act in an _____ manner, affecting nearby cells.
autocrine
63
Short answer: What is the importance of cytokine signaling in cancer?
Cytokine signaling can promote tumor growth and metastasis or inhibit tumor development, depending on the context.
64
Name a cytokine that is known for its antiviral properties.
Interferon
65
Multiple Choice: Which cytokine is primarily produced by T-helper 2 cells? A) IL-4 B) IL-10 C) IL-6
A) IL-4
66
True or False: Cytokines can only have local effects.
False: Cytokines can have systemic effects as well.
67
What is the function of interleukins?
Interleukins are a group of cytokines that mediate communication between leukocytes.
68
Fill in the blank: The signaling pathways activated by cytokines often involve _____ and transcription factors.
receptors
69
Short answer: How do cytokines contribute to autoimmune diseases?
Cytokines can promote inflammation and autoimmunity by dysregulating immune responses.
70
Name one anti-inflammatory cytokine.
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
71
Multiple Choice: Which cytokine is involved in the differentiation of T cells? A) IL-2 B) TNF-alpha C) IL-12
A) IL-2
72
True or False: Cytokine levels can be measured in blood tests.
True: Cytokine levels can be quantified using various laboratory techniques.
73
What is the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?
TNF is involved in systemic inflammation and is a key regulator of immune cells.
74
Fill in the blank: Cytokines can influence _____ and the development of blood cells.
hematopoiesis
75
Short answer: What is the significance of the cytokine storm?
Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response that can lead to severe tissue damage and organ failure.
76
Name a cytokine that plays a role in allergic responses.
Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
77
Multiple Choice: Which cytokine is primarily secreted by macrophages? A) IL-1 B) IL-6 C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
78
True or False: Cytokines can have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on immune responses.
True: Cytokines can modulate immune responses in various ways.
79
What is the primary source of interferons?
Interferons are primarily produced by virus-infected cells.

CONO Immunology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions