Innate Immune System

Question 1

What is the primary function of the innate immune system?

Answer 1

To provide immediate, non-specific defense against pathogens.

Question 2

True or False: The innate immune system has memory.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which cells are primarily involved in the innate immune response?

Answer 3

Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The innate immune system recognizes pathogens using _____ receptors.

Answer 4

pattern recognition

Question 5

What are PAMPs?

Answer 5

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are recognized by the innate immune system.

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune system? A) Skin B) Antibodies C) Natural killer cells D) Phagocytes

Answer 6

B) Antibodies

Question 7

What is the role of macrophages in the innate immune system?

Answer 7

To phagocytize pathogens and present antigens to T cells.

Question 8

True or False: The innate immune system includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the function of natural killer (NK) cells?

Answer 9

To destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The innate immune system can initiate an inflammatory response through the release of _____.

Answer 10

cytokines

Question 11

What are cytokines?

Answer 11

Signaling proteins that mediate and regulate immunity and inflammation.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of phagocytic cell? A) T cell B) B cell C) Neutrophil D) Plasma cell

Answer 12

C) Neutrophil

Question 13

What is the complement system?

Answer 13

A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes.

Question 14

True or False: The innate immune system can adapt and improve its response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is the main goal of the inflammatory response?

Answer 15

To isolate and eliminate the injurious agent and promote healing.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The process by which phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens is called _____.

Answer 16

phagocytosis

Question 17

Which type of innate immune cell is primarily responsible for the first line of defense?

Answer 17

Epithelial cells

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of the innate immune response? A) Specificity B) Memory C) Rapid response D) Long-lasting

Answer 18

C) Rapid response

Question 19

What is the role of dendritic cells in the innate immune system?

Answer 19

To capture and present antigens to activate adaptive immune responses.

Question 20

True or False: The innate immune system includes both cellular and humoral components.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

Answer 21

A set of cell surface proteins essential for the recognition of foreign molecules by the immune system.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The innate immune response is primarily mediated by _____ and _____ cells.

Answer 22

myeloid; lymphoid

Question 23

What triggers the activation of the complement system?

Answer 23

The recognition of pathogens or antibody-antigen complexes.

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes the innate immune response? A) Delayed and specific B) Immediate and non-specific C) Slow and adaptive D) None of the above

Answer 24

B) Immediate and non-specific

Question 25

What is the role of interferons in the innate immune response?

Answer 25

To interfere with viral replication and activate immune cells.

Question 26

True or False: The innate immune system is the first line of defense against infections.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are myeloid cells?

Answer 27

Myeloid cells are a type of immune cell that originates from the bone marrow and includes various cell types such as monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes.

Question 28

True or False: Myeloid cells are exclusively involved in the adaptive immune response.

Answer 28

False: Myeloid cells are primarily involved in the innate immune response.

Question 29

List three types of myeloid cells.

Answer 29

Monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes.

Question 30

What is the function of monocytes?

Answer 30

Monocytes circulate in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells upon entering tissues.

Question 31

Fill in the blank: Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and __________.

Answer 31

basophils.

Question 32

What is the primary role of neutrophils?

Answer 32

Neutrophils are the first responders to sites of infection and are primarily involved in the phagocytosis of pathogens.

Question 33

True or False: Eosinophils are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

What is the function of basophils?

Answer 34

Basophils release histamine and play a role in allergic reactions and inflammation.

Question 35

Short answer: How do macrophages contribute to tissue homeostasis?

Answer 35

Macrophages help clear dead cells, debris, and pathogens, promoting tissue repair and homeostasis.

Question 36

What is the difference between M1 and M2 macrophages?

Answer 36

M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and involved in killing pathogens, while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory and involved in tissue repair.

Question 37

Multiple choice: Which myeloid cell type is known for antigen presentation?

Answer 37

Dendritic cells.

Question 38

What role do dendritic cells play in the immune system?

Answer 38

Dendritic cells capture and present antigens to T cells, bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known for their __________ function.

Answer 39

immunosuppressive.

Question 40

True or False: Myeloid cells do not play a role in cancer.

Answer 40

False: Myeloid cells can influence tumor growth and the immune response to cancer.

Question 41

What is the primary source of myeloid cells?

Answer 41

Bone marrow.

Question 42

What triggers the differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells?

Answer 42

Cytokines and growth factors in the bone marrow microenvironment.

Question 43

Short answer: Describe the role of myeloid cells in inflammation.

Answer 43

Myeloid cells are recruited to sites of inflammation where they help to eliminate pathogens and facilitate tissue repair.

Question 44

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of myeloid cell?

Answer 44

B cells.

Question 45

What is the lifespan of neutrophils in circulation?

Answer 45

Neutrophils typically have a lifespan of a few hours to a few days.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: Monocytes can differentiate into __________ when they migrate into tissues.

Answer 46

macrophages or dendritic cells.

Question 47

True or False: Myeloid cells can only function in the blood.

Answer 47

False: Myeloid cells can function in tissues as well.

Question 48

What is the role of myeloid cells in host defense?

Answer 48

Myeloid cells detect and respond to pathogens, promoting inflammation and facilitating the immune response.

Question 49

Short answer: Explain the term 'phagocytosis'.

Answer 49

Phagocytosis is the process by which certain immune cells, like macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and digest pathogens or debris.

Question 50

Multiple choice: Which myeloid cell type is primarily responsible for allergic responses?

Answer 50

Basophils.

Question 51

What is the role of cytokines produced by myeloid cells?

Answer 51

Cytokines mediate communication between immune cells and regulate immune responses.