Complementary and Alternative Medicine Slides Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Complementary therapy is also or now called?
A
Integrative therapy
2
Q
Alternative therapy is now called?
A
Complementary
3
Q
What are some reasons people use CAM?
A
- To prevent a disease or
- Embarrassment
- Lower Cost
- Control
- Easy access
4
Q
Who mostly uses alternative medicine?
A
- Females age 30-69
5
Q
What is the basis of homeopathy?
What is it greek for?
A
- Greek for similar suffering
- It is a substance that produces sx in healthy person, so it will cure the sick person
6
Q
Vitamins and natural nutrients are focused on what and they are the essentail nutrients for?
A
- Focus on the body and mind
- Essential for proper function
7
Q
The FDA is responsible for taking action against unsafe drugs when?
A
After the drug is already on the market
8
Q
Herbals, vitamins/minerals are?
A
Dietary supplements not drugs
9
Q
DSHEA allows little or no evidence of what?
A
Safety or Efficacy
10
Q
Current Good manufacturing Practices for DS?
A
Does not ensure safety or efficacy
11
Q
When should you ask a patient about DS use?
A
During a medication history review
12
Q
Ginseng is known as a ______ and that means _______?
A
Known as an adaptogen meaning it is a general tonic for well being.
13
Q
What is ginsengs active ingredient and MOA? What is its structure similar to?
A
- Active ingredient ginsenoside
- Alters carbohydrate metabolism
- May effect insulin release in the body
- Steroid hormones
14
Q
What drug interactions does ginseng have?
A
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.
15
Q
Ginsengs adverse effects?
A
Insomnia, excitability, anxiety,
Increased heart rate
16
Q
Fenugreek is used for?
A
Lowering blood sugar in patients with diabetes
17
Q
What is fenugreeks MOA?
A
The fenugreek seeds contain 50% dietary fiber
-This is linked to delayed gastric emptying and therefore slowing the influx of blood sugar
18
Q
Fenugreek may have additive affects eith what drugs?
A
- Anticoagulants/antiplatelets
- any drugs that lower blood sugar
19
Q
What is cinnamons MOA?
WHat is it used for?
A
- Cinnamon may increase insulin action and insulin sensitivity
It is used in type 2 diabetes
20
Q
Creatine may be effective for?
A
Brief high intensity exercise
21
Q
Adults older than? seem to not benefit from creatine
A
older than 60
22
Q
Creatine is synthesized where and is also in what foods?
A
liver, kidneys, pancreas
also in meats and fish
23
Q
Who is more likely to respond to creatine?
A
vegetarians
24
Q
What are some adverse rxns of creatine?
A
- Muscle cramping
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Weight gain
25
Creatine contraindications?
* Diuretic use
* dehydration
* impaired kidney function
* Interactis with ephedra and caffeine
* Nephrotoxic drugs
26
Creatine is safe for how many days?
10 days
27
DHEA is used in?
* Increased strength, energy muscle mass
* Weight loss
* Improve sexual performance
28
DHEA levels decrease with age and peak during?
Mid-20s
29
DHEA is known as a weak _____ and is the precursor to what sex hormones?
weak androgen and is a precursor to estrogens and testosterone
30
DHEA Contraindications include?
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
31
DHEA interacts with?
Hormonal or hormonal blocking agents
32
DHEA should be avoided if hx of what hormone sensitive cancers?
* Breast
* Cervical
* Endometrial
* Prostate
33
Ephedra is used for?
Weight loss and enhanced athletic performance
34
Ephedra is unsafe when used\_\_\_\_\_ and can cause what?
orally and can cause
* HTN
* MI
* Seizure
* Stroke
* All can occur with short term use in lower dose
35
Ephedra contains what?
* Ephedrine
* Psuedoephedrine
* PPA
36
Ephedra is a ______ stimulant and is causes what?
Vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulations
37
What are some adverse rxns of ephedra?
* Dizziness
* Anxiety
* Insomnia
* HA
* increased BP
* Tachycardia
* chest tightness
* dry mouth
38
Glucosamine and Chondrotin are used for?
Osteoarthritis
39
Glucosamine and Chondrotin increase affects of what?
warfarin
40
It is important to tell patients that Glucosamine and Chondrotins onset of action? While they are waiting for releif what else could they use?
Is delayed and may take 6-8 wks
NSAIDS
41
Glucosamine in combination with ______ shows beneficial effects
Chondrotin
42
MSM is used for?
Osteo and rheumatoid arthritis
joint inflammation
Chronis pain
43
What is the active component of garlic?
Allicin
44
Garlic can be used to?
Lower cholesterol
and Lower High Blood pressure
45
What type of garlic is prefered for lowering cholesterol?
The fresh herb
46
Adverse rxns of garlic that are does related?
* Breath and BO
* GI discomfort
* Platelet dysfunction
47
What are garlics herbal interactions?
F'in Gs baby
* Fish oils
* Feverfew
* Ginkgo
* Ginger
* Ginseng
* Any ones with antiplatelet effects
48
Garlic drug interactions?
* Antiplatelet and blood thinners
* Stop garlic 2 weeks prior to surgery
* May induce P450 3A4 (CCB, chemotherapy, antifungals, losartan)
* Lowers the levels of these drugs
49
Red Yeast RIce is used to?
MOA?
It is chemically identical to?
Adverse Rxns?
Lower cholesterol is effective
* Contains monacolins primarily monacolin Kthis is chemically identical to lovastatin
* Inhibits HMG CoA reductase
Same adverse rxns as statins
- Abd discomfort
- May increase liver function tests
50
What are Red Yeast RIces drug interactions?
HMG-reductase inhibitors
P450 inhibitors like theophylline, cisapride, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole- these drugs increases levels of RYR
51
Herbal interactions of Red Yeast RIce?
Contraindications?
* Grapefruit juice increase levels of Red Yeast RIce
* Liver dysfunction and pregnancy
52
What form of Coenzyme Q-10 is the recommended one?
Common uses?
Levels of Coenzyme Q-10 can be lowered by?
Improve what is diabetes?
* Ubiquinol
* Treats CHF
* lowered by statins
* Improve blood sugar control
53
The benefits of Coenzyme Q-10 are attributed to?
* Antioxidant activity
* Generation of ATP
54
Coenzyme Q-10 decreases if the effects of?
Protective effects?
Warfarin
* HMG reductase inhibitor
* RYR
55
Fish oil is used for?
* Lower elavated TG
* Reduced risk of death from heart disease
* RA
* Cancer, asthma, depression
56
FIsh oil MOA?
* Anti-inflammatory effects
* Decreased platelet aggregation
* Vasodilation
57
Dosing of Fish oil for High TG?
heart disease?
* 2-4 gm daily (EPA +DHA)
* 1 gram daily
58
Adverse effects of fish oil?
* Loose stool farting
* Nausea
* Heart burn
59
Herbal interactions of fish oil?
4 Gs and an F
Drug?
* Garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, ginger, Feverfew
* Anticoagulatants/platelets
60
How are adverse effects of fish oil minnimized
Take with food and taper dose slowly like up by 1 tab every week
61
Krill oil and Fish oil are pretty similar but
Krill oil has fewer adverse effects probably related to lower doses
62
Policosanol used for?
High cholesterol
Intermittent claidication
63
MOA of Policosanol for high cholesterol?
* Decrease hepatic synthesis and increase LDL degradation
* Overall decrease in TG and LDL increase in HDL
64
Policosanol NO INTERACTIONS or ADVERSSE
65
Stanols and sterols are used to?
MOA?
* Used to lower cholesterol reduces LDL
* Cholesterol is main animal sterol
* reduces cholesterol absosrption
66
Stanols and sterols with reduce cholesterol in?
No interactions some indegestion problems
2-3weeks
Unabsorbable and tasteless
67
Flaxseed is used for?
Elevated cholesterol
Constipation
Diabetes
68
Fiber from flaxseed is located in?
What is ALA it is contained in Flaxseed
Adverse effects?
seed coat
is a plant based OMega 3
* Bloating
* Fart
* ABD pain
* Diarrhea
69
Flaxseed drug interactions
* Can decrease platelets aggregation
* Antiplat substances and drugs
70
What is black Cohosh used for?
Hormone replacement therapy to manage menopausal symptoms
* Things such as Hot flashes
* Night Sweats
* Vaginal dryness
* UNKNOW MOA
71
When should Black Cohosh not be used?
History of:
* Breast Cancer
* Any other hormone sensitive cancers (endometrial, ovarian)
72
Are black cohosh adverse reactions likely?
WHat are they?
What are some drug interactions?
Not frequent
* Stomach upset
* HA
* Weight gain
* spotting or bleeding
DRug:
- HRT and contraceptives
73
If taking Black Cohosh what should you monitor?
Monitor Liver function
74
When are effects seen with black cohosh?
Seen with 4-12 weeks
75
Evening Primrose Oil is used for?
* Menopause symptoms
* PMS
* Mastaligia
76
Evening Primrose is well tolerated what are its herbal and drug interactions?
Platelet active herbals
Platelet active drugs
77
St. Johns Wort is used for?
* Depression (main use)
* Hot flashes
* PMS
78
What are the adverse Rxns of St. Johns Wort?
* Photosensitivity
* Restlessness
* Dizzy
* Delayed hypersensitivity
79
Interactions for St. Johns Wort?
Herbs:
* Digitalis
Drugs:
* INDUCER OF P450 ENZYMES POTENT
* 5-HT 1 agonist
* SSRIs
80
St. Johns Wort is not for?
Acute treatment results not seen for several weeks
81
IF you want to stop taking St. Johns Wort what do you do?
There can be withdrawal symptoms and it should not be stopped abruptly.
SO many interactions
82
What is Feverfew used for?
How do you take it?
WHat is it not for?
Onset?
* Headaches and Migraines prevention
* Must be taken continuously to have effect
* Not for acute migraine treatment
* Onset of benefit is about 4-8 weeks
83
Adverse effect of Feverfew?
GI shit
mouth ulcerations
Tongue irritation
84
What syndrome can you get if you stop feverfew abruptly?
Post feverfew syndrome
85
What are the interactions with Feverfew?
Herb:
* Anticagulant/antiplatelet potential
Drugs: same and NSAIDS
should stop before surgery
86
What is Ginkgo used for?
Alzheimers
Dementia
Has been used for 6 years
87
GINKGO interactions?
Anticoagulant
drug same
88
Consuming ginkgo can cause ______ thats why you dont give someone ginkgo even if their _______ is controls
seizure
epilepsy
89
Echinacea is used for?
* Immune stimulant to reduce symptoms of colds and URIs
* COLDs
90
Echinacea drug interactions?
Immunosuppressive therapy
91
Melatonin doesnt have a _____ effect like some other sleeping aids
hangover
92
When do you take Melatonin for insomnia?
30 minutes before bed
