Quiz 1 Flashcards by Jon Beckloff

What is the common cold?

It is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Usually occur from fall to spring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How are common colds transmitted?

Self-inoculation, most common way. Contact with contaminated surface.
-Inhaled

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Susceptibiliy is increased ?(COLD)

by higher exposure rates, Allergic disorders affecting nose and pharynx. Stress, weekend immune system. Sleep deprivation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the differences between the flu and colds?

In the flu temperature is usual along with fatigue, and ache and pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nonpharmacologic Therapy COLD

Increase humidity, fluids, rest…….

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pharmacotherapy COLD

Decongestants
treat sinus and nasal congestion
Mechanism of Action
    - Alpha-adrenergic agonists 
- Stimulation of alpha receptors cause constriction of blood vessels, which decrease vessel enlargements and edema

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Systemic Nasal Decongestants

Pseudoephedrine
more effective than phenylephrine,
well absorbed after oral admin.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Topical Nasal decongestants? pg 18

Naphazoline
Oxymetazoline
Phenylephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rhinitis Medicamentosa? pg 18

Rebound congestion
Associated with topical decongestants
Topical decongestants should only be used for 3-5 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is runny nose and swelling due to histamine?

No those symptoms are not

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why dont 2nd generation antihistamines have any effect on the common cold?

Because there isnt any cholinergic activity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ingredients of local anesthetics?

-Benzocaine
- Dyklonine
- Menthol
- Phenol
Effective for sore throat symptoms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 2 NSAIDs

Naproxen, Ibuprofen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Max dose of ibuprofen self admin?

1200 mg/day

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Max dose of ibuprofen prescribed?

3200 mg/day

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Daily Ibuprofen dose?

200 - 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours prn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Maximum OTC dose for naproxen

660 mg

Max Rx dose = 1000mg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Daily naproxen dose?

220 mg 6-8 hrs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acetaminophen max OTC dose?

3250 mg/ day

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adult acetaminophen dose?

325- 1000mg q 4 to 6 h

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are some risks of NSAIDs?

Stomach Bleeding, Ulcer
High Blood Pressure
Fluid Retention
Kidney (nephrotoxicity) and Heart Problems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is QuEST? pg 29

Quickly/Accurately assess the patient
Establish that the patient is a good self care candidate
Suggest appropriate strategy
Talk with patient

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is SCHOLAR? 30

S- Symptoms
C- Characteristics
H- History 
O- Onset (when did this begin) 
L- Location 
A- Aggravation Factors 
R- Remitting Factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is MAC

M-edications- Meds patient is taking
A-llergies- To meds or anything
C-ondition- Coexisting health conditions

What are some concerning fever symptoms?

- Change in Mental Status - Cannot stay hydrated (children) - Severe infection

What temperature is too high with a child less than 3 months of age?

100.1 *F

What temperature is too high with a child more than 3 months of age?

104*F

How long is too long to have a fever? less than 2 years old

For more than 24 hours

How long is too long to have a fever? Older than 2

3 days

Non Pharma approach to treating fever

Drink lots of fluids and possibly take a sponge bath

OTC Pharma treatment for fever?

Antipyretics- Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Naproxen (not for

When should you refer a patient to the a doctor pertaining to a fever?

If the patient is >2 after 3 days

How many days is too long for a headache?

10 days

What are some concerning headache symptoms?

Severe head pain | Signs of Stroke, head trauma, substance abuse (secondary HA)

A physicians diagnoses is need for what type of headache?

Migraine

What OTC medicine should be used for a migraine?

NSAID, Salicylate, Cafeine, Magnesium supplement (preventative)

What OTC meds should be used for tension-type headaches

Acetaminophen, NSAID, Salicylate, Cafeine

Sinus Headache OTC meds?

Acetaminophen, NSAID, Salicylate, Decongestant

NSAIDs have a side effect of hypertension. What reasons would need to be present for a patient to not be a NSAID canditate?

- Uncontrolled HTN - Patient taking drugs that can also cause hypertension. - Patient is on several ANTI-HTN meds

NSAIDS have the side effect of Kidney Disease. WHat types of patients should not take NSAIDs.

- Elderly >65 yo - Known renal dysfunction - Patient is also taking meds that are Nephrotoxic

NSAIDs can cause GI bleeding. What patients shouldnt take them?

Elderly > 65 - Taking meds that increase bleeding risk (warfarin) - Alcohol use - Hx of GI bleeding or PUD

NSAIDs can cause cardiovascular disease. WHat patients should not take them?`

- History of Midocardial Infarction, Stroke, Heart Failure (HF), Peripheral Vascular Disease (PAD) - Other CVD risk factors

NSAIDs can have allergic RXNs. What patients should not take them?

Hx of Asthma | Known allergy to ASA (Acetylsalicylic acid) or NSAIDs

NSAIDs can be nephrotoxic especially when combined with?

ACE Inhibitors (lisinophril, Enalapril, Ramipril) Think PRIL! Hypertension Drugs

What drugs interact with NSAIDs?

-Warfarin - Antiplatalets - Salicylates -Aspirin - AntiHypertension (ACE and Diuretics) -Lithium - Methotrexate - Digoxin (mostly related to bleeding risk and renal function)

What is Allergic Rhinitis?

Systemic Disease with predominant nasal symptoms.

Where is histamine most highly concentrated?

Skin, lungs, GI | - Concentration increases wherever there is an increase in mast cells.

Mast cell degranulation releases what? What phase is this in allergic rhinitis?

Histamine | Early phase

WHat are outdoor triggers of allergic rhinitis?

Pollen Mold spores Pollutants

Exclusions for self care? Allergic Rhinitis

Less than 12 Pregnant Lactating Symptoms of uncontrolled asthma or COPD

Nonpharm AR treatment?

Allergen avoidance | Nasal wetting sprays

Intranasal Corticosteroids

May take up to 1 week to see symptom control | - 2 sprays in each nostril per day

WHat are antihistamines?

Compete with H1 receptor preventing, helps keep histamine receptor in inactive form

Intermittent Allergic Rhinitis or seasonal allergic rhinitis

Symptoms are

Persistent Allergic Rhinitis

longer than 4 weeks or 4 days per week

Name the 4 1st generation Antihistamines

Brompheniramine (Dimetapp) Chlorpheniramine Clemastine (travist) Diphenhydramine (benadryl)

Name the 3 2nd gen Antihistamines

Ceterizine (Zyrtec) Fexofenadine (Allegra) Loratadine (Claritin)

What are the 3 classifications of coughs?

Acute 8 weeks

Pharmacological cough treatment

Oral Antitussives: When cough provides no useful functions | Codeine, Dexmethorphan, Diphenyhydramine