Complex Needs in Paediatrics Orthopaedics Flashcards
A child with multiple and complex disabilities has at leat how many types of severe or profound impairment
Two
A child or young person (< 19) is defined as having CEN if
CEN if :
severe impairment in at least 4 categories together with enteral/ parenteral feeding
OR
severe impairment in at least 2 categories and ventilation/CPAP
AND
impairments are sustained for more than 6 months and ongoing.
What is Cerebral Palsy
A permanent and non-progressive motor disorder due to brain damage before birth or during the first 2 years of life.”
Causes of Cerebral Palsy Pre natal
placental insufficiency, toxaemia, smoking, alcohol, drugs, infection such as toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV and herpes type II (TORCH)
Causes of cerebral palsy perinatal
prematurity (most common), anoxic injuries, infections, kernicterus, Haemolytic disease of new born
Causes of cerebral palsy postnatal
infection (CMV, rubella), head trauma
Cerebral Palsy Classification Spastic
pyramidal system, motor cortex)
Cerebral Palsy Classification Athetoid
extrapyramidal system, basal ganglia)
Cerebral Palsy Classification Ataxia
cerebellum and brainstem)
Cerebral Palsy Classification Mixed
combination of spasticity and athetosis)
Cerebral Palsy Monoplegia
one limb
Cerebral paLSY Hemiplegia
one side
Cerebral palsy diplegia
lower limbs
cerebral palsy quadriplegia
total body
Cerebral Palsy Presentation
Dynamic contractures
Increased muscle tone and hyper-reflexia
No fixed deformity of joints
Deformity can be overcome
2. Fixed muscle contractures
Persistent spasticity and contracture
Shortened muscle tendon units
Deformity cannot be overcome
joint subluxation/ dislocation
Secondary bone changes/ joint degeneration
