spinal cord injuries

Question 1

what percentage of people with a fracture or dislocation will have SCI

Answer 1

15%

Question 2

spinal cord injuries are most common in

Answer 2

Male > female

peak 20-29

Question 3

most common cause of spinal cord injury

Answer 3

fall

Question 4

Presentation of Complete Spinal cord Injury (5)

Answer 4

1. No motor/sensory function distal to lesion
2. No anal squeeze
3. no sacral sensation
4. Asia Grade A
5. No chance recovery

Question 5

Incomplete spinal cord injury presentation (2)

Answer 5

1. Some function below site of injury

2. Not able to determine acutely as patient may be in spinal shock

Question 6

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade A

Answer 6

Complete

No sensory or motor function preserved in S4-S5

Question 7

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade B

Answer 7

Incomplete

Sensory but not motor preserved below level and extend through S4-S5

Question 8

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade C

Answer 8

Incomplete

Motor function preserved below near level

Question 9

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade D

Answer 9

Incomplete
Motor function preserved below neurologic level
majority of key muscles grade >3

Question 10

Asia Classification of Spinal cord Injury Grade E

Answer 10

normal motor and sensory function

Question 11

What is Tetraplegia (2)

Answer 11

Partial or total loss of all four limbs and trunk

Loss of motor/sensory function in cervical segments of the spinal cord

Question 12

Tetraplegia cause

Answer 12

Cervical Fracture

Question 13

Results of Tetraplegia

Answer 13

Resp failure due to loss of innervation of diaphragm

Question 14

Which nerve affected in loss of innervation to diaphragm in tetraplegia

Answer 14

C3-5 Phrenic Nerve

Question 15

Spasticity affects what type of Spinal cord injury

Answer 15

spasticity

Question 16

Spasticity Features Presentation (4)

Answer 16

Increased Muscle Tone
UMN Lesion
Spinal Cord and Above
Injury above L1

Question 17

What is Paraplegia (4)

Answer 17

1. Partial or total loss of use of the lower-limbs
2. Impairment or loss of motor/sensory function in thoracic, lumbar or sacral segments of the spinal cord
3. Arm function spared
4. Possible impairment of function in trunk,

Question 18

Paraplegia is caused by (2)

Answer 18

Thoracic/Lumbar fractures

Associated chest or abdominal Injuries

Question 19

Paraplegia what is affected (2)

Answer 19

Spasticity if injury of spinal cord (i.e. above L1)

Bladder/ Bowel function affected

Question 20

Central Cord Syndrome affects who

Answer 20

Older Patients

Hyperextension Injury

Question 21

Central Cord syndrome presentation (2)

Answer 21

Weakness of arms > legs

Perianal sensation & lower extremity power persevered

Question 22

Anterior cord syndrome is what type of injury (3)

Answer 22

Hyperflexion injury
Anterior Compression Fracture
Damaged Ant Spinal Artery

Question 23

Anterior Cord Syndrome Presentation

Answer 23

Fine touch and proprioception preserved

Profound weakness

Question 24

Brown Sequard Syndrome is what (3)

Answer 24

Hemi-section of the cord
Penetrating injuries
Paralysis on affected side (corticospinal)

Question 25

Brown Squared Syndrome Presentation

Answer 25

Paralysis on affected side (corticospinal) Loss of proprioception and fine discrimination (dorsal columns) Pain and temperature loss on the opposite side below the lesion (spinothalamic)

Question 26

How do Spinal Cord injuries typically present in circulation (5)

Answer 26

``` IV fluids Consider Neurogenic Shock - low BP and HR - Loss of sympathetic tone - Vasopressors ```

Question 27

How does spinal shock present (4)

Answer 27

Transient depression of cord function below level of injury Flaccid paralysis Areflexia Last several hours to days after injury

Question 28

How does neurogenic shock present (5)

Answer 28

``` Hypotension Bradycardia Hypothermia Injuries above T6 Secondary to disruption of sympathetic outflow ```

Question 29

What is preferred for spinal surgery surgical fixation

Answer 29

pedicle screws