Components of the Computer System

Question 1

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

Answer 1

Peopleware
Software
Hardware

Question 2

The personnel who manage the EDP system, who design applications, who write and encode the programs.

provide examples:

Answer 2

Peopleware

System analyst
Programmer
Web Developer
AI Developer
Data analyst

Question 3

The intangible components of computer such as computer programs, operating system, application etc.

Answer 3

Software

Question 4

The tangible components computer such as disk, motherboard, GPU, CPU, keyboard, etc.

Answer 4

Hardware

Question 5

Types of software:

Answer 5

1. Application
2. System Software
3. Open Source
4. Proprietary Software

Question 6

is a term referring to any computer software which manages and controls the hardware so that application software can perform a task.

It manages various aspects of the computer system, including memory, processors, devices, and storage.

Provide examples:

Answer 6

System software

Operating System
Device Driver
Firmware
Utilities

Question 7

is a fundamental software that acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user (or applications).

It manages the computer’s resources, controls the execution of programs, and provides a user interface for interacting with the system.

Answer 7

operating system (OS)

Question 8

FUNCTIONS OF OS:

Answer 8

1. Process Management
2. Memory Management
3. File Management
4. Device Management
5. Security
6. Networking
7. Error handling

Question 9

Function of OS:

Allocates resources like memory, CPU time, and I/O devices to processes.

Answer 9

Process Management

Question 10

Function of OS:

Assigns memory to processes and keeps track of which parts of memory are being used by which processes.

Answer 10

Memory management

Question 11

Function of OS:

Organizes data into files and directories, providing a hierarchical structure for easy access and retrieval.

Answer 11

File management

Question 12

Function of OS:

Provides drivers for various hardware devices (e.g., printers, keyboards, mice), allowing the OS to communicate with and control them.

Answer 12

Device management

Question 13

Function of OS:

Verifies user identities and grants access based on permissions and controls what actions users are allowed to perform on the system.

Answer 13

Security

Question 14

Function of OS:

Enables communication between computers over a network.

Answer 14

Networking

Question 15

Function of OS:

Detects errors in hardware, software, or user input.

Answer 15

Error handling

Question 16

Examples of OS in Desktop:

Answer 16

1. Microsoft Windows
   - The most widely used OS for personal computers, known for its user-friendly interface and wide range of software compatibility. Different versions include Windows 11, Windows 10, etc
2. macOS
   - Apple’s operating system exclusively for their Mac computers, known for its sleek design, integration with other Apple devices, and focus on creativity and productivity.
3. Linux
   - An open-source OS available in various distributions (e.g., Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian) with a strong focus on customization and community driven development

Question 17

Examples of OS in phone:

Answer 17

1. Android
   - Developed by Google, it’s the most popular mobile OS globally, used by a vast array of smartphone and tablet manufacturers. It’s open source and highly customizable.
2. iOS
   - Apple’s mobile OS exclusively for their iPhones and iPads, known for its intuitive interface, high performance, and strong focus on privacy and security.

Question 18

is a type of software designed to perform specific tasks on a computer or mobile device. It is a program or a group of programs that provide functionality to users, allowing them to interact with digital content, perform tasks, communicate, and access information.

Answer 18

Application

Question 19

Types of Application:

Answer 19

1. Desktop Applications
   - Software programs installed on a computer’s operating system.
   Examples include word processors (Microsoft Word), spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel), web browsers (Chrome, Firefox), and games.
2. Mobile Applications
   - Apps designed to run on smartphones and tablets.
   Examples include social media apps (Facebook, Instagram), messaging apps (WhatsApp, Telegram), productivity apps (Evernote, Trello), and games.
3. Web Applications
   - Accessed through a web browser and typically run on remote servers.
   Examples include email services (Gmail, Outlook), online shopping sites (Amazon, eBay), and social networking platforms (Facebook, Twitter).

Question 20

Examples of Application:

Answer 20

1. Word Processor
2. Spreadsheets
   - designed to use numbers and formulas to do calculations with ease.
3. Graphic Presentations
   - can make giving presentations and
   using overheads easier.

Question 21

Word processors will normally have the following capabilities built into them:

• Spell checking
• Standard layouts for normal documents
• Have some characters appear in bold print, italics, or underlined
• Center lines, make text line up on the left side of the paper, or the right side of the paper
• Save the document so it can be used again
• Print the document

Question 22

is computer software whose source code is available under a license that permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified form.

Answer 22

Open source software (OSS)

Question 23

is software with restrictions on using, copying, and modifying as enforced by the proprietor. Restrictions on use, modification and copying is achieved by either legal or technical means and sometimes both.

Answer 23

Proprietary software (also called non-free software)

Question 24

Functional components of hardware:

Answer 24

Input Devices
Output Devices
Memory
Processing

Question 25

comprises devices that allow users to enter data and instructions into the computer. Provide examples:

Answer 25

Input device keyboard mouse scanner microphone

Question 26

is the standard input device of most computers. It was patterned after the typewriter and the keypad of an electronic calculator. Used to enter information into the computer and for giving commands.

Answer 26

Keyboard

Question 27

is hand-clicked device for pointing. It was ________ who came up with the concept of a mouse. He designed and built the first model in 1963. It was made of wood and used two wheels for movement.

Answer 27

Mouse; Douglas Englebart

Question 28

is a pointing device featuring a tactile sensor, a specialized surface that can translate the motion and position of a user's fingers to a relative position on screen.

Answer 28

Trackpad (touchpad)

Question 29

It is like a stationary, upside down mouse.

Answer 29

Trackball

Question 30

Input device commonly used for computer games.

Answer 30

Joystick

Question 31

It is a device used to draw, write, or issue commands when it touches a specially designed screen.

Answer 31

Stylus

Question 32

It is an input device that converts a pattern of printed bars into a number that a computer can read. They are often used by businesses to quickly input price and product information.

Answer 32

Barcode scanner

Question 33

consists of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. In computer science, in particular, -------- is used as a form of identity access management and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance.

Answer 33

Biometrics

Question 34

presents the processed information in a user-comprehensible form. Provide examples:

Answer 34

Output device Monitor Speaker

Question 35

provides a hard copy output on paper.

Answer 35

Printer

Question 36

produces an output by using a mechanism that presses against an inked ribbon on paper, it was patterned after the typewriter. E.g. dot-matrix

Answer 36

Impact printer

Question 37

uses a photocopier-like process to transfer ink to a piece of paper. E.g. Laser printer, bubble jets

Answer 37

Non-impact printer

Question 38

is used to provide soft copy output. They are the most common output devices used aside from the printer.

Answer 38

Monitor

Question 39

are used for audio output such as beeps, human voice and music. Most PCs are equipped with simple internal -------

Answer 39

Speaker

Question 40

is the "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.

Answer 40

CPU

Question 41

It is composed of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which handles arithmetic and logical operations, and the control unit (CU), which manages the flow of data and instructions.

Answer 41

Processing unit

Question 42

stores data, instructions, and intermediate results during processing.

Answer 42

Memory unit

Question 43

two primary types of memory:

Answer 43

1. Primary Memory (RAM) - Temporary storage for data and instructions currently in use. 2. Secondary Memory (Storage) - Permanent storage for data and programs not currently in use (e.g., hard disk drives, solid-state drives, etc.)