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PDDS > Compounding Exercise No 5 & 6 > Flashcards

Compounding Exercise No 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Raw materials and standard formula for Compounding exercise 5A:

A

White wax 50 g
White petrolatum, qs a.d. 1000 g

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2
Q

Compounding exercise 5A:
Dosage Form:
Method use:

A

Ointment
Fusion Method

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3
Q

Compounding Exercise 5A Raw materials percentage:

A

white wax - 5% w/w
White petrolatum– 95%w/w

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4
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5A
Procedure:

A
  1. Calculate the quantity of each
    ingredient
  2. Melt the wax in an evaporating dish on
    a steam bath.
  3. In a separate container, warm the
    white petrolatum until liquid in
    consistency
  4. Discontinue heating, and combine the
    two compounds.
  5. Stir the mixture until it congeals.
  6. Transfer in a suitable container.
  7. Label the preparation
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5
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5A is:

A

White ointment

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6
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
name is:

A

Sulfur OIntment

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7
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
API and use:

A

Precipitated sulfur- Fungicidal, antibacterial, keratolytic agent
Mineral oil - moisturizer, emollient

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8
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
Excipient and use:

A

White Petrolatum- vehicle

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9
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
Dosage form:
Method use:

A

Ointment
Incorporation by levigation

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10
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
Raw materials and standard formula:

A

Rx 2
Precipitated Sulfur 100 g
Mineral oil 100 g
White petrolatum q.s. ad. 800 g

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11
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
Procedure:

A
  1. Calculate the quantity of each ingredient
    for 5-gram preparation.
  2. Levigate the sulfur with mineral oil.
  3. Incorporate the mixture in white ointment.
  4. Transfer in a suitable container.
  5. Label the preparation
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12
Q

Compounding Exercise no. 5B:
DULCR:

A

Description: yellowish ointment with
characteristic sulfur odor
Use/s: Fungicidal, Scabicide
Label: Red label (auxiliary poison label)
Container: Ointment jar/tube
Remarks: Keep in a cool dry place away from
light where the temperature stays below
25°C. Keep out of reach of children

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13
Q

are SEMISOLID preparation intended for
external application to the skin or mucous
membrane

A

ointment

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14
Q

Ointment can either be:

A
  • Medicated or non-medicated (sulfur ointment)
  • Non- medicated (white ointment)
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15
Q

Ointments are used as:

A

Vehicle, Emollient. Protectant

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16
Q

Give the meaning:
Vehicle:
Emolient:
Protectant:

A

API is incorporated
Softens/soothes the skin
-protective barrier
- shields skin from moisture
loss

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17
Q

Ideal Ointments:

A
  1. Non-irritating
  2. Easily removed
  3. Non-staining
  4. Stable
  5. Non-pH dependent
  6. Widely compatible
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18
Q

Types of Bases:

A
  • Oleaginous base
  • Absorption base
  • Water-removable base
  • Water-soluble base
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19
Q

Oleaginous Base a.k.a.

A

Hydrocarbon bases

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20
Q

Non polar base

A

Oleaginous Base

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21
Q

Oleaginous Base characteristics:

A

▪ Anhydrous and insoluble in water
▪ Difficultly washable
▪ Best Occlusive
▪ Best Emollient

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22
Q

Oleaginous Base examples:

A

Petrolatum (white/yellow petrolatum, soft paraffin,
petroleum jelly),

White ointment, USP and yellow ointment, USP,
mineral oil

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23
Q

(decolorized/bleached
yellow petrolatum)
- preferred due to aesthetic
effects

A

white petrolatum

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24
Q

Yellow petrolatum is:

A

(Vaseline/Petroleum Jelly)

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25
White ointment, USP formulation:
(White wax + White petrolatum)
26
yellow ointment, USP a.k.a.: Formulation:
(a.k.a. simple ointment) (Yellow wax + Yellow Petrolatum)
27
(Greasy and non-water washable)
Absorption bases
28
Absorption bases examples:
Anhydrous w/o emulsion
29
absorbs aqueous solution → w/o
Anhydrous
30
Anhydrous absorption base examples:
Hydrophilic petrolatum Wool fat (anhydrous lanolin)
31
* Hydrophilic petrolatum * Wool fat (anhydrous lanolin) Components:
* Hydrophilic petrolatum – white wax, white petrolatum, stearyl alcohol, cholesterol → 3x its weight of water * Wool fat (anhydrous lanolin) – cholesterol, esters and alcohols, nmt 0.25% water
32
w/o emulsion characteristics:
Emollient, minimal occlusive, not easily removed with water
33
w/o emulsion examples:
- hydrous wool fat (lanolin) - cold cream
34
- hydrous wool fat (lanolin) - cold cream Components:
* Hydrous wool fat (lanolin) – 25 – 30% water * Cold cream – white wax, spermaceti, almond oil, sodium borate
35
Cold cream other term:
Galen's cerate
36
Brands of Hydrophilic petrolatum:
Aquaphor, Polysorb, Nivea Cream, Eucerin
37
(Easily washed off with water)
Water-removable bases
38
Emulsion bases (o/w type) characteristics:
water washable, absorb water, non-greasy, non occlusive,
39
Emulsion bases (o/w type) examples:
Hydrophilic ointments Vanishing cream
40
Hydrophilic ointment Vanishing cream Components:
methyl and propyl parabens, SLS, propylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, white petrolatum, purified water, can absorb 30- 50% w/w water, humectant, stearic acid
41
water-washable base:
Water-soluble bases
42
greaseless, "lipid free" , absorb water to the extent of solubility
water-soluble bases
43
Base used for incorporating solid substances (spatulation):
Water-soluble bases
44
Examples of Water soluble bases with corresponding distinctions:
PEG ointment, NF – PEG 3350 (40%), PEG 400 (60%), * PEGs with mol wt of <600 are LIQUID * PEGs wit mol wt of >1000 are SOLID - in between semi-solids
45
PEGS:
stearyl alcohol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol – ethanol base with 2% HPC
46
Selecting ointment bases:
▪ Topical or percutaneous drug absorption ▪ Desired release rate of the drug ▪ Desire for water washable ▪ Desirability of occlusion of moisture ▪Drug – base interaction ▪ Stability of the drug ▪ Characteristics of the surface to which it is applied
47
▪ Characteristics of the surface to which it is applied:
1. Skin type- dry, oily, sensitivity 2. Location- hairy, moist 3. Condition- inflammed skin, swelling, wound
48
Methods of Preparation of ointments:
Incorporation of Solids (Spatulation/Trituration) Fusion Method
49
→By Spatulation, using mortar and pestle →Electronic mortar and pestle, mixer
Incorporation of Solids (Spatulation/Trituration)
50
Method of Preparation By melting together
Fusion Method
51
Ointment are packaged in:
large-mouth ointment jars or tubes (well-closed)
52
Standard sizes of empty tubes
1.5, 2, 3.5, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60,120 g
53
Ophthalmic ointments typically are packaged in _____________or ______________holding ___ g
small aluminum, collapsible plastic tubes, 3.5
54
→Labels should indicate what type of ____ was used
base
55
Maxims to be observed when compounding and dispensing ointments:
»They should always be homogenous, smooth and free from grittines »They should never be dispensed if they have the slight evidence of rancidity or molds »Ointments containing free acids, iodine, , mercury or tannin should not be rubbed with iron or steel spatula on account of chemical reaction with metal » In removing ointments from the stock jar always scrape from the surface . Digging into the ointment jar leaves a greater area exposed, thus increasing the possibility of rancidity, growth of mold and water loss. »Water-containing ointments should be of recent preparation, dispensed in moderate amounts in glass containers with good closures »Use of spatula or finishing blade for the sake of appearance and to avoid contact of the ointment with the cap or liner »They should be dispensed in opal glass or porcelain jars or much better in collapsible tubes. »Ointments on prescription are always directed by weight
56
Compounding Exercise no. 6A raw materials and standard formula:
Zinc Oxide 250 g Starch 250 g White petrolatum 500 g
57
Compounding Exercise no. 6A: name is:
Rx 1 – Zinc Oxide Paste
58
Compounding Exercise no. 6A: API and use:
Zinc oxide- treats or prevents skin irritation like cuts, burns, or diaper rash
59
Compounding Exercise no. 6A: Excipient and use:
starch- thickening agent and helps absorb moisture White petrolatum - vehicle/base
60
Compounding Exercise no. 6A: Dosage form: Method use:
Paste Incorporation
61
Compounding Exercise no. 6A: Procedure:
Procedure: 1. Calculate the quantity of each ingredient for a 5 g preparation 2. Using mortar and pestle triturate the zinc oxide and starch. 3. Incorporate the mixture with white petrolatum. 4. Continue triturating until congealed. 5. Transfer in a suitable container
62
Compounding Exercise no. 6A: DULCR:
Description: Thick white paste Use/s: It is used to protect skin from being irritated and wet caused by diaper rash. Label: Red (auxiliary poison label) Container: Tube or jar Remarks: Keep in a cool dry place away from light where the temperature stays below 25°C. Keep out of reach of children.
63
Compounding Exercise no. 6B: Raw materials and standard formula:
Rx 2 – Rosewater Cream Stearic acid 18 g Glycerin 3 g Lanolin 2 g Triethanolamine 1 g Methyl paraben 0.18 g Propyl paraben 0.02 g Purified Water 75.8 mL Rose water qs
64
Compounding Exercise no. 6B: name is:
Rx 2 – Rosewater Cream
65
Compounding Exercise no. 6B: Procedure:
Procedure: 1.Calculate the quantity of each ingredient for a 5 mL preparation 2.Place the stearic acid and lanolin in a beaker and melt at 60°C 3.In a separate beaker, add the glycerin, TEA, water and heat up to 60°C. Add the previously melted preparation into the second beaker with continuous stirring. 4.Cool down the mixture, add the parabens and rose oil and mix thoroughly. 5.Transfer in a suitable container 6.Label the preparation
66
Compounding Exercise no. 6B: Raw materials and use:
Raw materials: Stearic acid: thickening agent and emulsifier Glycerin: humectant Lanolin: emolient Triethanolamine: emulsifier and pH balancer Methyl paraben: preservative Propyl paraben: preservative Purified Water: Solvent Rose water: fragrance, anti-inflammatory and hydrating effects on the skin
67
Compounding Exercise no. 6B: Dosage form: Method use:
Creams Fusion
68
Compounding Exercise no.6B: DULCR:
Description: Smooth, white, semisolid preparation Use/s: Hydrating moisturizer Label: Red (auxiliary poison label) Container: Tube or jar Remarks: Keep in a cool dry place away from light where the temperature stays below 25°C. Keep out of reach of children.
69
(can be used as sunblocks)
Pastes
70
It has stiffer consistency owing it to the large proportion of solid material, about 25 % of total preparation
Pastes
71
Pastes exampels:
Zinc oxide paste Lassar's paste
72
Lassar's paste components:
Zinc oxide + salicylic acid
73
are semi-solid preparations containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either w/o or o/w emulsion type of base .
Creams
74
CREAMS are semi-solid preparations containing one or more medicinal agents dissolved or dispersed in either :
w/o or o/w emulsion type of base
75
(Compared to paste, _____are less greasy and gives cooling effect)
creams
76
may be extemporaneously compounded the same manner with ointments:
Pastes and creams
77
Extemporaneous methods:
Incorporation and Fusion

PDDS (6 decks)

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