Compression

Question 1

application of mechanical external compressive forces over the upper and lower limbs for improving venous, arterial, and lymph​atic circulation:

Answer 1

Limb compression:

Question 2

The rationale behind application of limb compression therapy is to provide practitioners with a therapeutic means to

Answer 2

enhance peripheral venous, arterial, and lymphatic circulation after injuries and surgery, as well as in the presence of disease and prolonged immobilization.

Question 3

graded compression means that the pressure gradient will be the highest ….

Answer 3

distally on the limb

Question 4

Edema is

Answer 4

an excessive accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space that causes swelling.

Question 5

The major causes of edema are

Answer 5

trauma, venous insufficiency, and impaired lymphatic circulation.

Question 6

Venous edema is caused by what?

Answer 6

venous insufficiency resulting from dysfunctional valves and lack of activity.

Question 7

Lymphedema is…

Answer 7

an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid in subcutaneous tissues or body cavities resulting from inefficiency of the lymphatic drainage system.

Question 8

The primary goals for reactive compression is the

Answer 8

control peripheral edema caused by vascular or lymphatic dysfunction:

Question 9

The primary goals of proactive compression are:

Answer 9

Prevention of DVT in patients with moderate and high risk

Question 10

Other goals for using compression agents aside from DVT prevention and control of peripheral edema are:

Answer 10

1. reshaping residual limb after amputation, aides to minimize keloid formation.
2. Healing venous SKIN ulcers: associated with venous stasis.

Question 11

How does the mechanical energy used in compression create an upward volumetric displacemet?

Answer 11

1. by increasing hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial spaces relative to the vessels; high to low pressure.
2. and to push arterial blood into soft tissues, thus enhaning their oxygenation.

Question 12

What is the function of the lympatic system?

Answer 12

• Aides in inmunologic responses
• Carries fluids from peripheral tissues to veins

Question 13

What are the two physiological vascular pumps?

Answer 13

1. Calfs muscles: via muscle contraction
2. Plantar venous plexus or venous pump at the sole of the foot: via weight bearing.

Question 14

Types (modes) of compression:

Answer 14

1. Compression garmet: sock-like
2. Pneumatic: air-inflatable
3. Compresing bandaging: elastic and inelastic

Question 15

What is the compression (mmHG) usually used fro ambulatory patient?

Answer 15

30-40 mmHg

Question 16

Which type of compression agent provides high resting pressure but low working pressure?

Answer 16

High elastic bandages (ACE)

Question 17

Where are the lymphatic capillaries located?

Answer 17

in the dermis

Question 18

Which type of bandages provide low resting pressure but high working pressure during muscle activity?

Answer 18

low/short stretch bandage

Question 19

which type of compressive banadge is used for lymphedema patients who are usually active?

Answer 19

Low/short stretch bandage

Question 20

Wich type of compressive bandage can control edema and improve circulation in inactive/flaccid extremity?

Answer 20

High elastic bandage

Question 21

Which type of compression agents prevent DVT and venous thromboembolism. Particularly for bedridden and post-surgical patients?

Answer 21

Intermittent Compression Pumps

Question 22

Should you have motion using the low-elastic bandage?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

true or false:

limb compression can benefit patients with arterial occlusive diseases such as intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia.

Answer 23

true (text book, p 351)

Question 24

what is the recommendation range for upper extremity compression?

Answer 24

30 to 60 mmHg

Question 25

what is the recommendation range for lower limb compression?

Answer 25

40-80 mmHg slow

Question 26

what is the recommendation range for foot compression?

Answer 26

Up to 130 mmHg fast to mimic cycles of ambulation

Question 27

*Indications for compression are the prevention of:

Answer 27

• edema
• venous thrombosis
• ischemia
• and skin ulcers

Text book