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N5 Computing Science > Computer systems/section 1.5 > Flashcards

Computer systems/section 1.5 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Denary numbers

A

Base 10, uses digits 0 - 9

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2
Q

Binary numbers

A

Base 2, uses digits 0 and 1

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3
Q

8-bit binary

A

8 digits, where 255 is the maximum denary value an 0 is the minimum

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4
Q

The mantissa

A

The significant figures of the actual digits of the number

e.g. in 0.2345 x 1o^5, 2345 is the mantissa

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5
Q

Exponent

A

In 10^n, n is the exponent; tells you how many places to move the decimal point in the mantissa

e.g. in 0.2345 x 10^5, 5 is the exponent

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6
Q

Bitmap graphic

A

A 2D array of pixels

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7
Q

Resolution

(In a bitmap graphic)

A

The total number of pixels in an image

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8
Q

Bit depth

(In a bitmap graphic)

A

Defines the number of colours available

e.g. 8-bit is a bit depth, means there are 2^8, or 256, colours

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9
Q

Higher resolutions means…

A

better quality but greater file size

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10
Q

Lower resolution means…

A

lower file size but poorer quality

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11
Q

How are bitmap graphics stored?

A

Each pixel is stored as a binary value

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12
Q

Vector graphics

A

A list of attributes that are used by the computer to create images

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13
Q

Scaling vector graphics…

A

does not affect resolution, so quality is unaffected

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14
Q

You can layer vector graphics…

A

without affecting what is underneath

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15
Q

File size for vector graphics is ____ than bitmap graphics

A

smaller

unless there are lots of complex shapes

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16
Q

Common file format for vector graphics

A

SVG

Scalable Vector Graphic

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17
Q

Objects in vector graphics

A

Rectangle, ellipse, line, polygon

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18
Q

Vector attributes

A

Co-ordinates, fill colour, line colour

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19
Q

CPU

A

Central processing unit, handles all instructions that make hardware and software run normally

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20
Q

ALU

A

Responsible for arithmetic (add, subtract etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR etc.)
Calculating brain of the CPU, processes the data

Arithmetic logic unit

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21
Q

Calculating brain of the CPU

A

ALU/Arithmetic Logic Unit

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22
Q

CU

A

Controls the operations of the processor, decodes the program instructions, manages other parts of the CPU to carry out instructions

Control Unit

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23
Q

Registers

A

Storage locations for data being processed by the CPU, and instructions that are being executed

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24
Q

Storage location for data being processed by the CPU, and instructions that are being executed

25
ACC (Accumulator)
Stores intermediate results of calculations | Type of register
26
Type of register that stores intermediate results of calculations
ACC/Accumulator
27
Program Counter (PC)
Holds the memory address of the next instruction that should be executed | Type of register
28
Type of register that holds the memory address of the next instruction that should be executed
Program Counter/PC
29
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Holds the address of the data being accessed in memory | Type of register
30
Type of register that holds the address of the data being accessed from memory
Memory Address Register/MAR
31
Memory Data Register (MDR)
Holds the data that has been fetched from memory | Type of register
32
Type of register that holds the data that has been fetched from memory
Memory Data Register/MDR
33
Current Instruction Register (CIR)
Holds the current instruction being executed, splits the operation into what to do and where to do it | Type of register
34
Type of register that holds the current instruction being executed
Current Instruction Register (CIR)
35
RAM
When a program is running, the data that will be processed is temporarily stored in the RAM, until the data is needed by the processor
36
When a program is closed... | RAM
The data held in RAM is deleted
37
When the computer shuts down... | RAM
RAM completely clears
38
Buses
Systems of electrical pathways that carry data to and from the other parts of the processor, as well as between the processor and other components
39
Data bus
Carries the data being processed
40
Address bus
Carries the addresses of data and instructions, so that data can be sent and recieved to/from the right location
41
Control bus
Carries the control signals from the Control Unit to manage computer operations
42
Carries the data being processed
Data bus
43
Carries the addresses of data and instructions, so that data can be sent and recieved to/from the right location
Address bus
44
Carries the control signals from the Control Unit to manage computer operations
Control bus
45
Translators
Translate code created by programmers into binary
46
Compiler
A type of translator that translates source code into object code, which is stored in a new file (the object code does not need translator software to run) | TRANSLATES ONCE
47
Interpreter
A type of translator that translates source code directly into machine code, and it runs through the entire translation and execution process | TRANSLATES AS YOU GO ALONG
48
Types of translators
Interpreters, compilers
49
Monitor settings to limit environmental impact
* Reduce brightness * Activate efficiency mode if the monitor supports the setting * Do not use a screen saver
50
Power down settings to limit environmental impact
* Power down the monitor when you aren't using it/after a set period of inactivity
51
Standby mode
* Where the user isn't using the computer * RAM is still powered * Data for software running is temporarily stored until you turn on the computer * Power to other computers is reduced or turned off
52
Hibernate mode
* Contents of RAM are copied to the hard disk * Hard disk saves a permanent copy * Turns off almost all components
53
How is data sent across a network?
It is split into packets
54
Firewall
Checks data packets as they are sent or received from a system or network
55
What does a firewall check?
* Check that data packets meet specific rules before being transferred * Sets rules about what stations on a network can send or receive packets
56
What do a firewall's rules account for?
* Sender IP address * Receiver IP address * Port numbers * Protocols
57
What is the purpose of firewalls?
Protect against unauthorised access to a computer system
58
Encryption
When data is scrambled during transmission to prevent unauthorised access
59
What does encryption do?
* Uses algorithms to create keys that can encrypt data * Keeps the key secure by using public and private keys during transmission of data

N5 Computing Science (4 decks)

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