Software development/section 1

Question 1

Waterfall methodology

Answer 1

A several step process to deliver a product to a client

Question 2

Stages of the waterfall methodology

Answer 2

Analysis, design, implementation, testing, documentation, evaluation

A Dance In The Dark Everyday

Question 3

Analysis

Answer 3

The beginning stage of the design process, the developers and client will define the purpose and requirements of the software

Question 4

Aspects of the analysis stage

Answer 4

Purpose, functional requirements, assumptions

Question 5

Analysis stage

Purpose

Answer 5

A paragraph that outlines what the project is for, decided upon by the devcveloper and the client

Question 6

Analysis stage

Functional requirements

Answer 6

The program is abstracted into inputs, processes and outputs, these are defined by the developer

Question 7

Analysis stage

Assumptions

Answer 7

Anything that has not been made clear by the client

Can include: IT competency, software compatibility etc.

Question 8

Design stage

Answer 8

The purpose and functional requirements are considered to create steps that are turned into code in implementation

Question 9

Design stage

The design techniques

Answer 9

Structure diagram, flow charts, pseudocode

Question 10

Design stage

Structure diagrams

Answer 10

A visual technique that shows the steps needed to solve a problem

Different shapes represent different techniques

Question 11

Design stage

Flow charts

Answer 11

A visual design technique that shows the journey of a piece of software

Show the process not steps needed (steps needed is structure diagram)

Question 12

Design stage

Psuedocode

Answer 12

A written design technique not based on any language

Question 13

Design stage

Rules of psuedocode

Answer 13

Define and refine the main steps, variables are not declared, indentation to show loops and conditionals

Question 14

Testing stage

Answer 14

To make sure a program runs as intended, you need to test various inputs to make sure they do what is expected

Question 15

Testing stage

Normal cases

Answer 15

Any data you expect to work

Question 16

Testing stage

Extreme cases

Answer 16

Data at the upper or lower limits of the program, the program should still work as intended

Question 17

Testing stage

Exceptional cases

Answer 17

Any data just outsice of the limits, should not be accepted

Question 18

Testing stage

Types of errors

Answer 18

Syntax errors, logical errors

Question 19

Testing stage

Syntax errors

Answer 19

When the code cannot run because it is not written in the correct form

Question 20

Testing stage

Logical errors

Answer 20

The code executes, but produces unexpected results

Such as using AND instead of OR

Question 21

Documentation stage

Answer 21

A document that contains all analysis, design, implementation and testing

Question 22

Evaluation stage

Answer 22

In this stage, the developer will compare the finished product with the analysis and other factors to evaluate whether the product meets expectation

Question 23

Evaluation stage

Factors to evaluate

Answer 23

Fitness for purpose, efficiency, robustness, readability

Question 24

# Evaluation stage Fitness for purpose

Answer 24

Compares the program to the purpose and functional requirements which must be met

Question 25

# Evaluation stage Efficiency

Answer 25

Refers to demands on the processor and RAM, this demand must be as low as possible | Such as using loops where possible

Question 26

# Evaluation stage Robustness

Answer 26

Describes whether a program can tackle errors or unexpected inputs | Such as by using inout validation

Question 27

# Evaluation stage Readability

Answer 27

Makes code easier to read with internal commentary, meaningful variable names, indentation and whitespace which is evaluated

Question 28

# Implementation Data types

Answer 28

Character, integer, string, boolean, real

Question 29

# Implementation Character

Answer 29

A single character that can be a number, letter or symbol

Question 30

# Implementation String

Answer 30

A whole number, positive or negative

Question 31

# Implementation Real

Answer 31

Stores numbers that may have decimal places | Float or double in Python, SQA only accepts real

Question 32

# Implementation String

Answer 32

Stores text in quotes, numbers should not be stored as strings

Question 33

# Implementation Boolean

Answer 33

Stores true or false values | Can be stored as 0 and 1, where 0 is false and 1 is true

Question 34

# Implementation Data structures

Answer 34

Allow you to store more than one value together | Lists, tuples and dictionaries in Python

Question 35

# Implementation Lists

Answer 35

A list of values that can be different data types ``` fruit = ["apple", "A", 1.12, 3] ``` | Lists store values in a specific order

Question 36

# Implementation Tuples

Answer 36

Arrays that cannot be changed, the values always stay the same ``` tup = ("Apple", "B", 1.023, 3, True) ``` | Tuples store values in a specific order

Question 37

# Implementation Array indexes

Answer 37

Array indexes start from 0, so a list with 20 values has indices 0 to 19 ``` list[0] ```

Question 38

# Implementation Expressions to assign values

Answer 38

To declare a variable, you don't need to specify the data type in Python ``` fruit = "apple" (Fruit is defined as the string "apple" bank += 1 (This adds 1 to bank) ``` | = is not the same as ==, = is assign while == is compare

Question 39

# Implementation List of arithmetic operations

Answer 39

Add, subtract, multiply, divide, exponent, remainder

Question 40

# Implementation Addition

Answer 40

``` a = 1 b = 2 print(a+b) ``` Output would be 3 | To add, use the + symbol

Question 41

# Implementation Subtraction

Answer 41

``` a = 3 b = 2 print(a-b) ``` Output would be 1 | To subtract, use the - symbol

Question 42

# Implementation Multiplication

Answer 42

``` a = 2 b = 3 print(a * b) ``` Output would be 6 | To multiply, use the * symbol

Question 43

# Implementation Division

Answer 43

``` a = 6 b = 3 print(a/b) ``` Output would be 2 | To divide, use the / symbol

Question 44

# Implementation Exponent

Answer 44

``` a = 2 b = 2 print(a ** b) ``` Output would be 4 | To power, use the `**` symbol ## Footnote Finding 2 to the power of 2, in this example you are doing a^b

Question 45

# Implementation Remainder

Answer 45

``` a = 11 b = 2 print(a%b) ``` Output would be 1 | To find the remainder, use the % symbol ## Footnote As 11 by 2 is 5 remainder 1, you are finding the remainder so answer s 1

Question 46

# Implementation String concatenation

Answer 46

``` print("hello" + "hi") ``` Output would be "hellohi" | You can add strings together, so they join together ## Footnote The whitespace has to be part of the string for words to be seperated

Question 47

# Implementation Conditionals

Answer 47

If statements, elif statements, else statements

Question 48

# Implementation <

Answer 48

Less than

Question 49

# Implementation >

Answer 49

Greater than

Question 50

# Implementation `>=`

Answer 50

Greater than or equal to

Question 51

# Implementation `<=`

Answer 51

Less than or equal to

Question 52

# Implementation ==

Answer 52

Equal to

Question 53

# Implementation !=

Answer 53

Not equal to

Question 54

# Implementation If statements

Answer 54

if x: y ``` | If x is true, then y happens

Question 55

# Implementation Elif statements

Answer 55

``` elif x: y ``` | If an if/elif before is false, this conditional will be checked

Question 56

# Implementation Else statements

Answer 56

``` else: y ``` | If all if/elif statements before fail, this condition is carried out

Question 57

# Implementation Logical operators

Answer 57

AND, OR, and NOT | For example, in x > 3 AND y <4, both conditions must be met

Question 58

# Implementation Types of loops

Answer 58

For loop, while loop

Question 59

# Implementation For loop

Answer 59

``` for i in range(5): y ``` | y is completed 5 times ## Footnote Fixed loop in SQA terms

Question 60

# Implementation While loop

Answer 60

``` while x <= 5: y ``` | While condition is met, y happens, loop stops when condition is false ## Footnote Conditional loop in SQA terms

Question 61

# Implementation Data type change

Answer 61

``` x = str(5) ``` | In this, x is "5" ## Footnote Can use int, str, char, bool, float

Question 62

# Implementation Length function

Answer 62

``` if str(x).len() > 5: print(x) ``` | If the length of the string is more than 5, prints ## Footnote Length can count the chars in a string, whitespace included

Question 63

# Implementation Random function

Answer 63

``` random.choice("hi", "hello, "bye") random.randint(0,50) ``` | .choice chooses a random value from the ones given ## Footnote .randint chooses a random value from the range specified

Question 64

# Implementation Round function

Answer 64

``` round(1.23455, 2) ``` | Will round 1.23455 to 2 decimal places

Question 65

# Implementation Input validation

Answer 65

Makes sure an input meets a set of criteria

Question 66

# Implementation Running total in a loop | In an array

Answer 66

``` values = [1,2,3,4] for num in values: total += values print(total) ``` | You can index through the list, and add the values to a total value

Question 67

# Implementation Running total in a loop | Set amount of loops

Answer 67

``` for i in range(5): num = int(input("Enter val: ")) total += num ``` | In this exame, the value that was inputted is added to a total

Question 68

# Implementation Traversing an array

Answer 68

``` values = ["hi", 1, 1.05] for i in values: if i.type() == int numCount+= 1 ``` | You can do things with interations of a loop