Concept of Reproduction- EXAM 1

Question 1

What is Obstetrics

Answer 1

The care of women during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period

Question 2

What hormones stimulate the maturation of ovarian follicles

Answer 2

FSH and LH

Question 3

Describe fertilization

Answer 3

Occurs when sperm penetrates the ovum and they unite
Takes place in the outer third of the Fallopian tube near the ovary

Question 4

What determines the gender of the fetus

Answer 4

The male, they carry Y chromosome
women carry the X
XX = F
XY = M

Question 5

Twins

Answer 5

Occur 1 in 80 pregnancies
Fraternal: operate placentas or Identical

Question 6

Presumptive symptoms of pregnancy

Answer 6

Amenhorrhea
Urinary frequency
NVP
Changes in breasts
Fatigue and drowsiness
Deepening pigmentation
Quickening

Question 7

What is quickening

Answer 7

Mothers perception of fetal movement
Occurs 18-20 weeks after LMP

Question 8

Linea nigra

Answer 8

Dark line at the midline

Question 9

Probable symptoms of pregnancy

Answer 9

Changes in prelvic organs
Hagar signs
McDonald sign
Goodell sign
Chadwick sign
Enlargement of abdomen
Abdominal striae
Positive pregnancy results
Braxton hicks contractions
Uterine souffle
Ballottment

Question 10

Hagar sign

Answer 10

Softening of isthmus of uterus

Question 11

McDonald sign

Answer 11

ease in flexing body of uterus against the cervix
Occurs 3-4 weeks

Question 12

Goodell sign

Answer 12

Softening of the entire surface

Question 13

Braxton hicks contractions

Answer 13

intermittent painless uterine contractions

Question 14

Pregnancy tests

Answer 14

Urine or serum
Urine is an agglutination test, dipstick tests enzyme present
Serum involves immunoassay

Question 15

Positive symptoms of pregnancy

Answer 15

Observable fetal heartbeat
Fetal movement felt by examiner
Visualization of fetus by ultrasound

Question 16

What is the placenta

Answer 16

metabolic and nutrient exchange between embryonic and maternal circulations
Begins at 3rd week and expands until about 20 weeks
2 parts

Question 17

Placenta two parts

Answer 17

Maternal: rough, red and flesh like
Fetal:smooth, covered by amnion

Question 18

What is the amnionic fluid

Answer 18

Acts as a cushion to protect the embryo
Controls the embryos temperature
Permits development of the embryo
Allows umbilical to be free of compression
Antibacterial
Acts as lubricant during delivery

Question 19

What is the umbilical cord

Answer 19

Body stalk
Attaches embryo to yolk sac
Appears twisted or spiraled

Question 20

Nunchal cord

Answer 20

When the umbilical cord encircles the fetas neck

Question 21

Development of fetal circulatory system

Answer 21

Fetal CO2 is excreted into maternal bloodstream
Fetus obtains oxygen via diffusion from maternal circulation

Question 22

Vernix caseosa

Answer 22

present on baby after birth, acts as antibacterial for baby, not washed off immediately

Question 23

What hormones are required to maintain pregnancy

Answer 23

hCG, hPL, Estrogen, Progesterone, Relaxin and Prostaglandis

Question 24

Uterus changes in pregnancy

Answer 24

Expands 60g to 1100 g in weight
Increases from 10 mL to 5000 mL in capacity

Question 25

Breast changes

Answer 25

Enlarge, superficial veins become more prominent
Areolas darken
Striae develop
Colostrum may leak at week 10 and gradually converts to milk in the first few days after childbirth