Concept quiz 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Total group of individuals or subjects to be studied
Population
A portion of the total to be used in research
Sample
Each person has equal chance
Random sample
Naturalistic observation
Watching and recording behaviors of organisms in their natural habitat
Pro- get very natural behavior that is not changed or manipulated
Cons- tells us what but not why
Time consuming
Observer doesn’t have control
Observer bias
Case study
Intensive in a
study of one person or small group
Pro- great info lots of conclusions about the person
Con- may not
generalize to a large population
Confabulation (honest lying)
Hindsight bias
Survey method
Measured habits, attitudes, values, and preferences (2 types written and verbal)
Pro- great deal of info
Cons- wording effect
Low response rate and social desirability (to fit in)
Sample can be an issue
Statistical relationship between two variables
Correlation
Both variables go in the same direction both go up or down
Positive correlation
One variable goes up while the other goes down
Negative
Experimental
Purpose: to demonstrate cause and effect
How: manipulated the factors of interest
Holds constant (controls) other factors
Correlation does not…
Equal causation
Experimental factor that is manipulated, the treatment itself
Independent variable
The behavior measured; the factor that might be impacted by changes on the independent variable
Dependent variable
Receiving treatment
Experimental group
Not receiving treatment
Control group
Environmental or participant factors that can affect the outcome
Extraneous variable
A type of extraneous variable that changes with the independent variable making it difficult to determine what was causing the change in the dependent variables
Confounding variable
Sugar pill, false treatment (confounding variables)
Placebo effect
Blind vs double blind
Blind- the subjects don’t know which group they r in
Double blind- subjects and researchers don’t know which group they’re in
Consistency/ stability of a measure
Reliability
Did the experiment measure what it was supposed too
Validity
Measured what it intended to
Internal validity
Finding can be generalized to a population
External validity
Research ethics (what and why)
Written guideline for participant treatment
To protect them
