concept quiz 4 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Reflex Arc
What it is and what neurons are involved
-It turns around in the spinal cord (flinching) never reaches the brain
-sensory Neurons, inner neurons, and motor neurons
Endocrine System
What it is/does
-regulates hormones
-Made up of ductless glands (not neurons and neurotransmitters)
Glands in endocrine system
-Thyroid – Metabolism
-pineal – Sleep-Wake Cycles
-Adrenal Glands – Excites Nervous System
-Pancreas – Blood Sugar
-Ovaries/Testes – Sex Hormones
Master Gland
Pituitary Gland - “Master Gland” - located in Brain - under the control of the hypothalamus
Hormones and how they function
Secrete hormones - chemical messengers (bloodstream)
Limbic system and what it does
-4-interconnected structures
-Emotion, motivation, and memory
-Basic Drives
Hunger, sex, aggression
Fight or Flight
Parts of limbic system
-Thalamus – processes sensory information and relays messages
-Hypothalamus – motivation & emotion - pleasure center - food, water, and sex, directs activity of pituitary gland (homeostasis)
-Amygdala - related to fear and aggression
-Hippocampus - memory functions
Peripheral System
Somatic vs autonomic
-Somatic or Skeletal Division - Controls Voluntary actions
-Autonomic - Involuntary - Automatic Functions - digestion, respiration
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic
Sympathetic: Fight or Flight
Parasympathetic: Rest/Calm
Both responses triggered by neurotransmitters!
Hindbrain
-Brainstem - oldest part of brain (Reptilian)
-Medulla (Oblongata) - Heart rate and breathing
-Pons - Sleeping and coordination between right and left side of body
-Cerebellum - Voluntary movement & balance, reflexes
Midbrain
-Generally helps generate movement in response to sensory input
-Reticular Formation extends from hindbrain through midbrain - filters and relays information
Vision & Hearing
Arousal (Sleep/Wake)
Coordinates motor responses
Forebrain
Processing information related to:
-Complex cognitive activities
-Sensory and associative (link) functions
-Voluntary motor activities
-Cerebrum
Cerebrum
Outermost layer…Cerebral Cortex
-2 Hemispheres
Right & Left connected by Corpus Callosum
-Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes
-Deep within the center is the Limbic System
Cerebral cortex
wrinkled appearance allows larger surface area to fit into the skull
frontal lobe
planning, judgement, personality
higher level cognitive functions
parietal lobe
spatial abilities and sensory integration
touch and temperature
occipital lobe
visual cortex
processes visual formation
temporal lobe
auditory cortex
hearing and language comprehensive
hemispheres of the brain
-right- controls left side of body- non verbal emotional expression and visual spatial tasks
-left- controls right side of body- language abilities, speech, reading, and writing
-corpus callosum communicates between the two halves
split brain
cutting the corpus callosum
differences in hemispherical function were demonstrated
-used to stop or reduce recurring epileptic seizures
cortical localization
different functions are located or localized in different areas of the brain
somatosensory cortex
receives sensory info from body
motor cortex
body’s movements
Broca’s area
left frontal lobe
-responsible for forming speech with mouth
-damaged? can comprehend language but cant speak
