Concepts

Question 1

kinetic energy

Answer 1

thermal
mechanical
electrical
magnetic

Question 2

potential energy

Answer 2

chemical
elastic
nuclear
gravitational

Question 3

conduction

Answer 3

energy transferred when two objects touch

Question 4

example of conduction modality

Answer 4

heat pack

Question 5

convection

Answer 5

energy transferred by circulating medium

Question 6

convection modality example

Answer 6

whirlpool tub

Question 7

conversion

Answer 7

change in matter state, less heat transfer

Question 8

conversion modality example

Answer 8

ultrasound turning electrical energy from machine into sound waves

Question 9

what is an electrical charge?

Answer 9

subatomic particles experiencing force when placed in an electrical field
field made by electromagnetic intersections of particles’ electrons
approximating electrons generates force and generates movement of current

Question 10

electricity

Answer 10

type of energy that can be stored as potential energy and flow as current when turned into kinetic energy

Question 11

current

Answer 11

flow of electrons among particles in a circuit/material

Question 12

why are metals conductive?

Answer 12

they have free electrons that are not tightly bound to each atom so they are easily moved and influenced by current

Question 13

why is rubber an insulator?

Answer 13

it’s electrons are tightly bound and won’t allow electron movement to generate an electrical charge

Question 14

principles of electrical charge

Answer 14

opposite charges attract
like charges repel
charges can’t be created or destroyed, only transferred
charges can be transferred object to object

Question 15

cation

Answer 15

positive ion

Question 16

anion

Answer 16

negative ion

Question 17

coulombs law

Answer 17

The interaction between charged objects is a non-contact force that acts over some distance of separation
the forces exchanged by particles depends on how close or far away they are from each other as well as their respective charges and polarities

Question 18

voltage

Answer 18

difference in electrical potential energy that can be converted to current when particles are approximated

Question 19

Current

Answer 19

movement of charged particles like electrons moving through a conductor

Question 20

requirements for there to be a current

Answer 20

needs to be a driving force for particles like a voltage (difference in potential energy)
needs a conductive pathway
difference in electrical potential, meaning one side of the pathway has more electrons than the other side

Question 21

voltage measures:

Answer 21

how big the dam is (potential energy difference)

Question 22

ampere measures:

Answer 22

how fast electricity comes out (current/flow of electrons)

Question 23

ohm measures:

Answer 23

potential for energy to be generated
resistance to current flow

Question 24

ohm’s law (words)

Answer 24

the current (volume of electrical particles per s) flowing through two points of a conductor is proportional to the voltage (difference in electrical potential energy) between the two points
this flow is limited by resistance between the two points

Question 25

ohm's law (equation)

Answer 25

I=V/R I - current V - voltage R - resistance current through a conductor is decided by the voltage between two points and limited by the amount of resistance between the two points

Question 26

conductor

Answer 26

accepts electron exchange and allows electrical flow

Question 27

examples of conductors in body

Answer 27

adipose: poor conductor muscle and nerves: good conductor

Question 28

resistance

Answer 28

current flowing through a medium that is opposing it decreases voltage in a circuit

Question 29

in series resistors

Answer 29

current goes through each one at a time

Question 30

in parallel resistors

Answer 30

current goes through all at once

Question 31

capacitance

Answer 31

ability of conductor or insulator to store electrical charge before an AP occurs relevant for e stim to determine which fiber you're stimulating

Question 32

impedance

Answer 32

opposition to alternating/bidirecctional currents vs resistance is opposition to one way current sum of resistive, capacitive, and inductive components of tissue determining current flow

Question 33

alternating current

Answer 33

creates a sinusoidal wave that goes back and forth on same path

Question 34

AP threshold in nerve fibers

Answer 34

resting membrane potential is -70, once it reaches -55 mV an AP will fire down the axon repetitive stimulus will hyperpolarize and threshold is raised

Question 35

rheobase

Answer 35

minimum amount of stimulus intensity over time needed to initiate a response or AP in a fiber

Question 36

chronaxie

Answer 36

minimum amount of time or pulse duration needed to excite a fiber when the current is 2x the rheobase, or min stimulus intensity to get AP response

Question 37

microcurrent

Answer 37

doesn't meet threshold of sensory nerves but may still have effect on ionic movement