Condition summary

Question 1

Myocardial ischemia

Answer 1

Occurs when blood flow to the heart is restricted due to a blockage of a coronary artery.

Question 2

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 2

The heart beats irregularly. (abnormal heart rhythms). the abnormal beat is in the atrium

Question 3

Myocarditis

Answer 3

Inflammation of the heart muscles, can cause abnormal heart rhythms or pumping ability

Question 4

Aortic dissection

Answer 4

Where a tear occurs in the aorta, causing blood to rush out the aorta, splitting the middle layer.

Question 5

Pleurisy

Answer 5

The pleura (two large, thin layers of tissue that separate your lungs from your chest wall) becomes inflamed

Question 6

Angina

Answer 6

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

Question 7

Myocardial infarction

Answer 7

Heart attack, when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, usually by a clot

Question 8

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 8

a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs

Question 9

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Answer 9

Occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach

Question 10

Pneumothorax

Answer 10

When air gets into the pleural space.

Question 11

Asthma

Answer 11

inflammation of the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs.

Question 12

COPD

Answer 12

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- a name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.

Question 13

Acute respiratory tract infection

Answer 13

an infection in the upper respiratory tract.

Question 14

Pneumonia

Answer 14

inflammation of the lungs, usually caused by infection.

Question 15

Shingles

Answer 15

A virus that inhabits the anterior dorsal cells in the spinal cord

Question 16

Vasculitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the blood vessels

Question 17

lymphoma

Answer 17

cancer of the lymphatic system

Question 18

bacterial sepsis

Answer 18

When the immune system overreacts to an infection and starts to damage tissues and organs

Question 19

Tuberculosis

Answer 19

A bacterial infection, usually in the lungs but can effect anywhere

Question 20

Bronchiectasis

Answer 20

the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to built up of mucus that makes infection more likely.

Question 21

Anaphylaxis

Answer 21

severe allergic reaction.

Question 22

anaemia

Answer 22

a deficiency in the number of red blood cells in the blood

Question 23

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 23

neurones in the brain degenerate and stop releasing dopamine

Question 24

Stroke

Answer 24

when blood supply to the brain has been blocked

Question 25

TIA

Answer 25

Transient ischemic attack, blood is temporarily blocked from the brain

Question 26

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 26

Motor neurone disease, progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurones- meaning signals required for movement and voluntary movement is disturbed.

Question 27

Muscle sclerosis

Answer 27

Demyelinating disease that affects the conduction of electrical signals in the CNS.

Question 28

Pericarditis

Answer 28

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, a sac-like structure with two thin layers of tissue that surround the heart to hold it in place and help it work.

Question 29

polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 29

Is autoimmune attack of the joint synovium causing pain and local inflammation. Treatment is steriods and NSAIDs as well as physio.

Question 30

Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 30

It’s characterised chiefly by fusion of the spine known as ankyolisis, leading to back pain, reduced mobility and eventually debilitating spinal deformity

Question 31

atlantoaxial instability

Answer 31

C1 slides forward on C2

Question 32

Rickets

Answer 32

a disease where defects in bone mineralisation occur due to inadequate calcium and phosphate levels prior to skeletal maturity. Orthopaedic manifestations include bowing of legs, brittle bones and muscle weakness

Question 33

Osteomalacia

Answer 33

Defects in mineralisation caused by inadequate calcium and phosphate uptake after physeal closure

Question 34

Osteoporosis

Answer 34

Systemic skeletal disease, characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibly to fracture

Question 35

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 35

Cardiac tamponade happens when extra fluid builds up in the space around the heart. This fluid puts pressure on the heart and prevents it from pumping well

Question 36

Massive haemothorax

Answer 36

The build-up of blood between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs.

Question 37

Flail chest

Answer 37

defined as two or more contiguous rib fractures with two or more breaks per rib

Question 38

tachycardia

Answer 38

HR over 100 BPM

Question 39

Asthma

Answer 39

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus

Question 40

Pulmonary oedema

Answer 40

Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs