Conditional Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
What describe conditionals?
A
Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause tells you the condition (If you study hard) and the main clause tells you the result (you will pass your exams). The order of the clauses does not change the meaning.
If you study hard, you will pass your exams.
You will pass your exams if you study hard.
Conditional sentences are often divided into different types
2
Q
When do we use the zero conditional?
A
We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true, especially for laws and rules.
If I drink too much coffee, I can’t sleep at night.
When one things always follows automatically from another.
- If you heat water, it boils.*
- If Daniel has any money , he spends it.*
3
Q
How is the structure of the zero conditional?
A
The structure is:
if/when/whenever + present simple >> present simple
Ice melts if you heat it.
4
Q
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
What kind of conditional is the above sentence?
A
Zero conditional
5
Q
How is the zero conditional formed?
A
If/when + present simple >> present simple.
Ice melts, if you heat it.
If/when + present continuous (are doing) >> present simple
If we are expecting visitors, the flat will need a good clean.
If/when + present perfect (have done) >> present simple
If you’ve finished with the computer, I’ll put it away.
l
6
Q
When do we use the first conditional?
A
We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real or possible.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.
7
Q
How is the structure of the first conditional?
A
if/when + present simple >> will + infinitive.
Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
When I finish work, I’ll call you.
8
Q
In which time is the verb in the if-clause when we use the first conditional?
A
present simple (not the future).
If we hurry, we will catch the bus.
9
Q
Can we use will in the if-clause in the first conditional?
A
Yes, when we make a request.
If you’ll just wait a moment, I’ll find someone to help you. (= Please wait a moment).
10
Q
First conditional: Which four other structures can we use instead of if?
A
as soon as: I’ll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.
unless: I don’t want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
in case: I’ll give you a key in case I’m not at home.
as long as: You can go to the party, as long as you’re back by midnight.
11
Q
First conditional: Is it possible to use the main clause before the if-clause?
A
Yes, but is more common to use the if-clause before the main-clause.
I will phone you if I hear any news.
12
Q
Explain all the conditionals (6).
A
13
Q
Use the correct conditional and complete the gaps.
If people …. too much, they get …. (eat/fat)
If you …. a fire, you get ….. (burn, touch)
A
If people eat too much, they get fat.
If you touch a fire, you get burned.
Zero conditional: This conditional is used when the result will always happen.
14
Q
Use the correct conditional and complete the gaps.
Snakes … if they are … (scare/bite)
If babies …. hungry, they … (cry/hungry)
A
Snakes bite if they are scared
If babies are hungry, they cry
Zero conditional: This conditional is used when the result will always happen.
15
Q
Use the correct conditional and complete the gaps.
People …. if they don’t … (die, eat)
You …. water if you ….. hydrogen and oxygen. (mix, get)
A
People die if they don’t eat.
You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.
Zero conditional: This conditional is used when the result will always happen.
16
Q
Use the correct conditional and complete the gaps.
She……. the bus if she doesn’t ….. soon.
If I …. her, I…. her.
(tell, miss, see, leave)
A
First conditional: It’s used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can’t know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.
She’ll miss the bus if she doesn’t leave soon.
If I see her, I’ll tell her.
17
Q
Use the correct conditional and complete the gaps.
If it …., I …. to the park. (rains, go)
If I …. today, I’……. to the party tonight. (go, study)
A
First conditional: It’s used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can’t know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.
If it rains, I won’t go to the park.
If I study today, I’ll go to the party tonight.
18
Q
Use the correct conditional and complete the gaps.
If it …., I …. to the park. (rains, go)
If I …. today, I’……. to the party tonight. (go, study)
A
First conditional: It’s used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can’t know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.
If it rains, I won’t go to the park.
If I study today, I’ll go to the party tonight.
19
Q
What describes the second conditional?
A
Hypothetical conditions in the present or future and their hypothetical results in the present or future.
20
Q
How is the second conditional formed?
A
If + past simple/past continuous, would + bare infinitive.
What would the local government do if there was an earthquake in the area?
21
Q
Second conditional: Can we use would in the if-clause?
A
Yes, when we make a request.
If you’d like to come this way, the doctor will see you soon.
22
Q
Second conditional: Can other words be uses in the main clause, except from would?
A
Could or might
If we had a calculator, we could work this out a lot quicker.
If Rachel worked harder, she might do even better at her studies.
23
Q
If I …… his number, I ….. l him. (I don’t have his number now, so it’s impossible for me to call him).
If I ….. you, I ……. out with that man. (go)
A
If I had his number, I would call him. (I don’t have his number now, so it’s impossible for me to call him).
If I were you, I wouldn’t go out with that man.
Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it’s not true.
24
Q
My car is out of order. I won’t drive you there.
A
If my car wasn’t out of order, I would drive you there.
25
I don't know his address. I can't contact him.
If I knew his address, I could contact him.
26
We don't have enough room in our house. You can't stay with us.
If we had enough room in our house, you could stay with us.
27
You'll manage it. Don't panic.
You would manage it if you didn't panic.
28
I go to bed early because I work so hard.
I wouldn't go to bed early if I didn't work so hard.
29
I wouldn't go there ....................................................... . be | I | if | you
I wouldn't go there if I were you.
30
..............................................................................., we'd catch an express train. to Paris | have | suppose | to travel | we
**Suppose** we had to travel to Paris, we'd catch an express train.
31
...................................................................... if you didn't commit it? a crime | you | to | admit
Would you admit to a crime if you didn't commit it?
32
We wouldn't mind your marriage ...................................................................................................... . get married | in church | you | on condition that
We wouldn't mind your marriage **on condition** that you got married in church.
33
What would you do ................................................................................................? back | he | the money | not give you | if
What would you do if he didn't give you the money back?
34
If the temperature .................................................................. . (ice | zero | below | be | turn | into | water)
If the temperature is below zero, water turns into ice.
35
If ................................................................................................................................................................. (evaporate | you | water | heat | it)
If you heat water, it evaporates.
36
Plants .......................................................................................................................................................... (if | die | them | not water | you)
Plant die if you don't water them.
37
First
I'll play with you ........................................................................................................................................ help | housework | you | as long as | me | the | with
I'll play with you as long as you help me with the housework.
38
First
## Footnote
Will you tell me, .......................................................................................................................................? (go | out | if | you)
Will you tell me, if you go out?
39
First
## Footnote
I'll take my credit card ............................................................................................................................... (of | out | in case | run | I | cash)
Your purse will get stolen .......................................................................................................................... (careful | you | unless | be)
I'll take my credit card in case I run out of cash.
Your purse will get stolen unless you are carefull.
40
Unless
Conditional clauses can begin with unless. Unless means something similar to **‘if … not’ or ‘except if’**.
The verb forms in the examples are similar to sentences with if: we use the **present simple** in the unless-clause and shall, should, will, would, can, could, may or might in the main clause:
**Unless** I phone you, you can assume the train’s on time. (If I do not phone you /except if I phone you, you can assume the train is on time.)
We’ll have to cancel the show **unless** we sell more tickets at the last minute. (We’ll have to cancel the show if we do not sell more tickets/except if we sell more tickets at the last minute.
41
When do we not use unless?
We don’t use unless for **impossible conditions**:
**If** the government had not raised food prices, there would not have been so many protests.
***Not:** Unless the government had raised food prices …*
42
Rewrite with unless:
We’ll go for a picnic by the river tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
**Unless** [SC]it rains, [MC]we’ll go for a picnic by the river tomorrow.
We use the conjunction unless to mean ‘**except if**’.
The won't come **unless** you invite them.
43
Rewrite with unless:
We could eat at Siam Smile **if** they’re **not** closed on a Monday.
We could eat at Siam Smile **unless** they’re closed on a Monday.
Unless and if … not both mean ‘**except if’:**
44
Rewrite with unless: I’ll make dinner if nobody else wants to.
I’ll make dinner **unless** somebody else wants to.
45
Rewrite with unless:
Can you turn the radio off if you’re not listening to it?
Can you turn the radio off **unless** you’re listening to it? (or Can you turn the radio off if you’re notlistening to it?)
46
What is the meaning when we use unless in SPEAKING?
In speaking, we use unless to introduce an extra thought or piece of information:
He didn’t even know about the crash – unless he’d heard about it on the radio.
A: Oh look. Neil next door’s got a new car.
B: Unless they’ve got a visitor.
47
**Typical errors**
When don't we use unless?
Pete will drive ..... Alex can’t.
We don’t use unless when we mean if:
Pete will drive **if** Alex can’t.
**Not:** Pete will drive **unless** Alex can’t.
48
**Typical errors**
Which words we don't use in the clause after unless?
We don’t use **will or would** in the clause after unless:
**Unless** you pay now, we can’t guarantee you a ticket.
**Not:** *Unless* you’*ll* pay now …
49
When do we use the third conditional?
We use type 3 conditional to talk about things in the past happening differently from the way they really happened. This sometimes means criticizing people or pointing out their mistakes.
If you had been a more careful, you wouldn't have cut yourself.
If I hadn't fallen ill and missed the interview, I might have got the job.
50
How is the third conditional formed?
If + past perfect \>\> would have + past participle
If we had gone earlier, we would have had better weather.
51
In the third conditional the main-clause often has would have. Can we use other words?
**could have**: If I had my mobile yesterday, I **could have** contacted you.
**might have**: If we had stopped to buy a paper, we **might have** missed it.
52
If she ......, she........ the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
If I ......... so much, I ............ sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
If we ....... a taxi, we ........the plane
She ...... tired if ....... to bed earlier
She ....... a teacher if ....... to university
He .......on time for the interview if ...... the house at nine
It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.
## Footnote
If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass)
If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine
53
What is the difference between if and when?
If you hear any news, can you ring me immediately?
When you hear any news, can you ring me immediately?
If you hear any news, can you ring me immediately?
(We might think it will happen)
When you hear any news, can you ring me immediately?
(We know it will happen).
54
When do we use when?
We use when for something we know it will happen.
I'll make myself a omelette when I get home. (I will get home tonight).
55
Do we use if or when for something impossible or imaginary?
if
If I were you, I would refuse.
56
Which words can we use when we mean every time?
... you run, you use up energy
**If** you run, you use up energy
**When** you run, you use up energy.
*every time*
57
What other word can we use for **if ... not**
I cant see, if I don't wear glasses.
**unless**
I cant see, **unless** I wear glasses.
58
used to say what the situation will be if something does not happen:
I hope to see you there but, ..... , I'll call you.
used to say what the situation will be if something does not happen:
I hope to see you there but, **if not**, I'll call you.
59
We use ............ to talk about things we should do in order to be prepared for possible future situations:
Shall I keep some chicken salad for your brother ....... he’s hungry when he gets here?(conjunction)
We use **in case** to talk about things we should do in order to be prepared for possible future situations:
Shall I keep some chicken salad for your brother **in case** he’s hungry when he gets here?(conjunction)
60
In case or if
Let’s take our swimming costumes ....... there’s a pool at the hotel. (We don’t know if there is a pool there.)
Let’s take our swimming costumes ....... there’s a pool in the hotel. (We will wait until we know about the pool before we decide.)
Let’s take our swimming costumes **in case** there’s a pool at the hotel. (We don’t know if there is a pool there.)
Let’s take our swimming costumes **if** there’s a pool in the hotel. (We will wait until we know about the pool before we decide.)
61
She knows she’s passed the oral exam, but she doesn’t want to say anything ........
She knows she’s passed the oral exam, but she doesn’t want to say anything **just in case**
62
I’ll take cash ...... we need it on the ferry. (we don’t know if we will need cash on the ferry)
I’ll take cash **in case** we need it on the ferry. (we don’t know if we will need cash on the ferry)
63
When do we use in case?
Laura took two photos in case one of them didn't come out.
When do we use in case?
Laura took two photos in case one of them didn't come out.
We use **in case** to talk about something **to avoid a possible proble**m later on.
64
In case or if
Tom may come to our house today. I will stay home all day ...... he comes.
You must call the police ...... your car is stolen.
You can stay with us ...... you come to İstanbul.
In case or if
Tom may come to our house today. I will stay home all day **in case** he comes.
You must call the police **if** your car is stolen.
You can stay with us **if** you come to İstanbul.
* We use i**n case** to talk about something to **avoid a possible problem** later on.*
* We use **if** for something that we think **might** happen.*
65
In case or if
We should insure our car ...... we have an accident.
We should call the police ...... we have an accident.
He bought an extra pen for the exam ...... this one doesn't write.
In case or if
We should insure our car **in case** we have an accident.
We should call the police **if** we have an accident.
He bought an extra pen for the exam **in case** this one doesn't write.
* We use i**n case** to talk about something to **avoid a possible problem** later on.*
* We use **if** for something that we think **might** happen.*
66
In case or if
Can you tell Tom to call me .... you see him?
Sam must get a map ..... he gets lost.
We'll have the lunch in the garden ..... the weather's good.
In case or if
Can you tell Tom to call me **if** you see him?
Sam must get a map **in case** he gets lost.
We'll have the lunch in the garden **if** the weather's good.
* We use i**n case** to talk about something to **avoid a possible problem** later on.*
* We use **if** for something that we think **might** happen.*
67
If I ....... the lottery, I ....... rich.
But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.
Pattern?
If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.
PAST PRESENT
68
If I ......... French in high school, I ....... more job opportunities.
But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.
If I **had taken** French in high school, I **would have** more job opportunities.
But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.
PAST / PRESENT
69
If she ........ in the United States, she ........ a visa to work here.
But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here
If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here.
But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here
70
If she ........ up for the ski trip last week, she ....... us tomorrow.
But she didn't sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn't going to join us tomorrow.
If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow.
But she didn't sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn't going to join us tomorrow.
71
If Mark ....... the job instead of Joe, he ....... to Shanghai.
But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai.
If Mark **had gotten** the job instead of Joe, he **would be moving** to Shanghai.
But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai.
PAST FUTURE
72
If Darren. .......... his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, he ......... to Mexico with us next month.
But Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas and he won't go to Mexico with us next month.
If Darren **hadn't wasted** his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, **he would go** to Mexico with us next month.
But Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas and he won't go to Mexico with us next month.
PAST FUTURE
73
If I ...... rich, I ........... that Ferrari we saw yesterday.
But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy the Ferrari yesterday.
If I **were** rich, I **would have bought** that Ferrari we saw yesterday.
But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy the Ferrari yesterday.
PRESENT PAST
74
If Sam ...... Russian, he ......... the letter for you.
But Sam doesn't speak Russian and that is why he didn't translate the letter.
If Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated the letter for you.
But Sam doesn't speak Russian and that is why he didn't translate the letter.
75
If I ........ to work so much, I ........ to the party last night.
But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night.
If I **didn't have** to work so much, I **would have gone** to the party last night.
But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night.
PRESENT PAST
76
If I ....... so much vacation time, I ...... with you on the cruise to Alaska next week.
But I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week.
If I **didn't have** so much vacation time, I **wouldn't go** with you on the cruise to Alaska next week.
But I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week.
PRESENT FUTURE
77
If Cindy ...... more creative, the company ....... her to New York to work on the new advertising campaign.
But Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the new campaign
If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the new advertising campaign.
But Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the new campaign
78
If Dan ......so nice, he ........ you in math tonight.
But Dan is nice and he is going to tutor you tonight.
If Dan **weren't** so nice, he **wouldn't be tutoring** you in math tonight.
But Dan is nice and he is going to tutor you tonight.
PRESENT FUTURE
79
If I ....... on my business trip next week, I ........ that new assignment at work.
But I am going to go on a business trip next week, and that is why I didn't accept that new assignment at work.
If I **weren't going** on my business trip next week, I **would have accepted** that new assignment at work.
But I am going to go on a business trip next week, and that is why I didn't accept that new assignment at work.
FUTURE PAST
80
If my parents ...... this weekend, I ....... a nice trip just for the two of us to Napa Valley.
But my parents are going to come this weekend, and that is why I didn't plan a trip for the two of us to Napa Valley.
If my parents **weren't coming** this weekend, I **would have planned** a nice trip just for the two of us to Napa Valley.
But my parents are going to come this weekend, and that is why I didn't plan a trip for the two of us to Napa Valley.
FUTURE PAST
81
If Donna ...... us a big dinner tonight, I ..... that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
82
If I ....... to that concert tonight, I ....... very excited.
But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited.
If I **were going** to that concert tonight, I **would be** very excited.
But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited.
FUTURE PRESENT
83
If Sandy ....... a speech tomorrow, she ....... very nervous.
But Sandy is not going to give a speech tomorrow and that is why she in not nervous.
If Sandy **were giving** a speech tomorrow, she **would be** very nervous.
But Sandy is not going to give a speech tomorrow and that is why she in not nervous.
FUTURE PRESENT
84
If Seb ...... with us to the desert, everyone ...... very disappointed.
But Seb will come with us to the desert and that is why everyone is so happy.
If Seb **didn't come** with us to the desert, everyone **would be** very disappointed.
But Seb will come with us to the desert and that is why everyone is so happy.
FUTURE PRESENT
85
How can were to be used in the present?
Were to can be used in the present to emphasize that the conditional form is **extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible**. Notice that this special form is **only used in the if-clause**.
[If ... were to + verb ..., ...]
Examples:
If she **were to be** rich, she **would be** horribly obnoxious.
It is very unlikely that she would be rich.
86
If I ........ no friends, who ..... I spend my time with?
Having no friends is a horrible thought.
If I **were to have** no friends, who **would** I spend my time with?
Having no friends is a horrible thought.
[If ... were to + verb ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the present to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
87
If Nathan ........ my boss, this job ..... be intolerable.
Nathan's being my boss is a horrible concept.
If Nathan were to be my boss, this job would be intolerable.
Nathan's being my boss is a horrible concept.
[If ... were to + verb ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the present to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
88
How can we use were to in the future?
[If ... were to + verb ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the future to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
Examples:
If I **were to lose** my job _next year_, I **would** probably not find a new one quickly.
Loosing my job would be terrible.
89
If Sarah ...... up late to the birthday party, it ...... ruin the surprise.
Sarah will surely come on time.
If Sarah **were to show** up late to the birthday party, it **would** ruin the surprise.
Sarah will surely come on time.
[If ... were to + verb ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the future to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
90
If he ........ his driving test tomorrow, he ...... have to take it again.
He is not likely to fail his driving test.
If he were to fail his driving test tomorrow, he would have to take it again.
He is not likely to fail his driving test.
[If ... were to + verb ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the future to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
91
If I ....... my job next year, I ...... probably not find a new one quickly.
Loosing my job would be terrible.
[If ... were to + verb ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the future to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
Examples:
If I **were to lose** my job next year, I **would probably** not find a new one quickly.
Loosing my job would be terrible.
92
How can we use were to in the past?
[If ... were to have + past participle ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the past to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
93
If Sarah ........ the final test, she ....... her scholarship.
She is an excellent student, and it is very unlikely that she would have failed the test.
If Sarah were to have failed the final test, she would have lost her scholarship.
She is an excellent student, and it is very unlikely that she would have failed the test.
[If ... were to have + past participle ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the past to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
94
If the dam ......., the entire town ......
Such destruction is too horrible to consider.
If the dam were to have burst, the entire town would have been destroyed.
Such destruction is too horrible to consider.
[If ... were to have + past participle ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the past to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
95
If the fire ...... the building, it ....... a tragic cultural loss.
The thought of such a loss is too horrible to consider.
If the fire **were to have destroyed** the building, it **would have been** a tragic cultural loss.
The thought of such a loss is too horrible to consider.
Were to in the Past
FORM
[If ... were to have + past participle ..., ...]
USE
Were to can be used in the past to emphasize that the conditional form is extremely unlikely or unthinkably horrible. Notice that this special form is only used in the if-clause.
96
Sue didn't get me a birthday present, which is why I didn't get her one.
If sue.....
If sue **had got** me a birthday present, I **would have got** her one.
III. Conditional
97
We didn't pay them on time because they made a mistake with our order.
If they....
If they **hadn't made** a mistake with our order, we **would have paid** them on time.
III. Conditional
98
The climat is undergoing such radical changes that scientists are worried.
If...
If the climat **wasn't undergoing** such radical changes, scientists **wouldn't be so worried**.
II. Conditional
99
Did California become an important area because they found gold there?
Would...
**Would** California **have become** an imporant area if they **hadn't found** gold there?
III. Cond.
100
I suggest you use a sunblock, and then you won't get red.
If I were
I if **were** you, I **would use** a sunblock and than you **wouldn't get** red.
II. Conditional
101
You can have a pet ... you promise to look after it properly.
Provided/ Providing that
You can have a pet **provided that** you promise to look after it properly.
102
He's welcome to come along, ..... that he behaves himself.
He's welcome to come along, **provided** that he behaves himself.
103
Synonym for provided that
**if, only if**
## Footnote
**Provided that** there are enough seats, anyone can come on the trip.
**Only if** there are enough seats, anyone can come on the trip.
104
..... that the boat leaves on time, we should reach France by morning.
**Provided** that the boat leaves on time, we should reach France by morning.
105
Applications for membership are accepted on .... that applicants are over 18.
Applications for membership are accepted **on condition that** applicants are over 18.
106
I'll come to the party .... the ..... that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers!
I'll come to the party **on the condition that** you don't wear those ridiculous trousers!
107
S....... we miss the train - what will we do then?
**Suppose** we miss the train - what will we do then?
108
We'd love to come and see you on Saturday, ..... (= if) I don't have to work that day.
We'd love to come and see you on Saturday, **supposing** (= if) I don't have to work that day.
109
Meaning of suppose
used at the beginning of a sentence or clause to mean '**what would happen if'**:
**Suppose** we miss the train - what will we do then?
110
I think I'd be quite lonely ... ... .'.... for my dog, Buster.
I think I'd be quite lonely **if it wasn't** for my dog, Buster.
111
Meaning if it wasn't?
**without**
## Footnote
**If it wasn't** for the life jacket, I would have drowned.
112
W..... .... .... for my dog Buster, I think I'd be quite lonely.
**Were it not** for my dog Buster, I think I'd be quite lonely.
113
but meaning?
**had not...**
**But** for your help, I wouldn't have been able to quit smoking.
**If you hadn't** helped me,....
114
I would have crashed the car ...... ..... your warning.
I would have crashed the car **but for** your warning.
115
.... .... the traffic, I would have been here an hour ago.
**But for** the traffic, I would have been here an hour ago.
(The traffic was very heavy – **if it weren’t for** the traffic, I’d have been here an hour ago.)
116
They would have been badly injured .... .... the fact that they were wearing seat belts.
They would have been badly injured **but for** the fact that they were wearing seat belts.
(They were wearing seat belts – if **it weren’t for** the fact that they were wearing seat belts, they would have been badly injured.)
