Confessionalism

Question 1

Luther’s theses/reforms

Answer 1

Against the idea of indulgences

Question 2

Protestant Reformation, The case of the Holy Roman Empire

Answer 2

Were spread quicker there, because fragmented imperial states had a certain autonomy

Question 3

The Peace of Augsburg

Answer 3

1555, each ruler was allowed ro determine the religion of his land. Not parity of the Lutherans with Catholics, but acceptance.
Overall, the concessions were too limited, further conversion of any ecclesiastical principality was forbidden, it did not solve the real problem and led to the Thirty Years War

Question 4

Luther on War and Peace

Answer 4

War is a tool of political authorities to avoid greater calamities, as long as the war is just, it’s a temporary lack of peace to prevent huge lack of peace. He thought war was reserved to the political sphere, not for the church. War is the punishment of wrong and evil.

Question 5

Luther on soldiers

Answer 5

If the soldier is evil his work (killing people) is not justified, but if he is godly, it’s ok

Question 6

Luther and is war just?

Answer 6

wars of desire (because someone just felt like it): evil
wars of necessity (self-defense): it’s okay.
It’s also okay to fight the peasants who rebel against their sovereign.