congenital abnoralities

Question 1

oxygen is delivered to the foetus via the ?

Answer 1

umbilical vein

Question 2

blood is diverted away from the liver and straight to the IVC via the ?

Answer 2

ductus venosus

Question 3

two communications that help divert blood away from the lungs?

Answer 3

foramen oval between the atria

ductus arteriosus connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery

Question 4

following first breath, what happens to the resistance in pulmonary vessels?

Answer 4

falls, encouraging blood to flow into right atrium

Question 5

when do the left and right circulations become fully separated?

Answer 5

ductus venosus and ductus arterioles close

Question 6

what is a cyanotic defect?

Answer 6

shifting of blood from right to left, directing blood away from the lungs

Question 7

why do you get increased pulmonary pressure in acyanotic?

Answer 7

oxygenated blood moves into right heart and pumped to the lungs

Question 8

what does ventricular septal defect sound like?

Answer 8

pann systolic murmur

Question 9

tetralogy of fallot - what are the 4 things?

Answer 9

Over riding aorta.
Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect.
Right ventricular hypertrophy.

Boot shaped cardiomegaly

Question 10

narrowing of the aorta, causing radio femoral delay. associated with turners syndrome?

Answer 10

coarctation of the aorta

Question 11

continuous machine gun fire?

Answer 11

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 12

medical management of patent ductus arterioles ?

Answer 12

indamothacin (prostaglandins involved in natural closure process)

Question 13

what can diagphramatic hernia cause poor development of?

Answer 13

lungs

Question 14

how can it be corrected?

Answer 14

surgery

Question 15

umbilical hernia, due to defect in?

Answer 15

trasversalis fascia

Question 16

why does an indirect inguinal hernia require surgery

Answer 16

likely to strangulate

Question 17

what is Exomphalos

Answer 17

herniation of viscera covered in perioneum. Commonly associated with other chromosomal or congential abnormalities

Question 18

what is gastrochisis?

Answer 18

extrusion of abdominal viscera

Question 19

what is oesophageal atresia assocaited with?

Answer 19

polyhydramnios

Question 20

Lack of colonic ganglion and autonomic innervation, meaning that it cannot function

Answer 20

hirschprungs

Question 21

what kind of secretions do you get in Oesophageal atresia +/- trachea oesophageal fistula

Answer 21

frothy secretions, drooling and difficulty passing catheter into the stomach

Question 22

ambiguous genitalia ?

Answer 22

congential adrenal hyperplasia

Question 23

tuft of hair in the sacral dimple

Answer 23

spina bifida

Question 24

what is cleft palate due to?

Answer 24

failure of fusion of the maxilla

Question 25

what is meconium ileus?

Answer 25

obstruction of the bowel due to abnormally thick meconium

Question 26

what is meconium ileum commonly assocaited with?

Answer 26

cystic fibrosis

Question 27

yellow, frothy vomit with failure to pass meconium within 48 hours. doughy abdomen

Answer 27

y

Question 28

management of meconium ileus?

Answer 28

washout enema and NG tube

Question 29

what is jejunal atresia?

Answer 29

jejunum does not form into a tube but into two blind ended sacks

Question 30

presents with?

Answer 30

vomiting and failure to pass meconium

Question 31

what would be seen on AXR?

Answer 31

few bowel loops with distended proximal small bowel

Question 32

what can an inguinal hernia cause?

Answer 32

bowel obstruction due to external compression