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Flashcards in neuro Deck (24)
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1
Q

causes of meningitis in neonates?

A

listeria
group b strep
ecoli

2
Q

what can cause meningitis in children ?

A

h influenza
meningococcal
pneumococcal

3
Q

what are kernigs signs ?

A

resistance to knee extension when hip flexed

4
Q

what results would you expect on a lumbar puncture with bacterial meningitis?

A

neutrophils, high protein, low glucose

5
Q

viral meningitis?

A

lymphocytes, normal protein, normal glucose

6
Q

in primary care with suspected bacterial meningitis?

A

IM benzylpenicillin

7
Q

antibiotic for child under 3 months with meningitis?

A

cefotaxime and amoxicillin

8
Q

most common cuase of encephalitis ?

A

HSV

9
Q

what kind of behaviour do you get with encephalitis?

A

odd behaviour

10
Q

what diagnoses encephalitis?

A

MRI bilateral temporal lobe focus

11
Q

management of encephalitis?

A

IV aciclovir

12
Q

febrile convulsions - simple generalised tonic clonic seizure that lasts less than?

A

5 minutes

13
Q

in febrile convulsions - you get complete recovery of symptoms within?

A

1 hour

14
Q

what are complex focal seizures

A

focal onset
lasts longer than 10 minutes
recurrent seizures in one febrile liness

15
Q

no clear histor of febrile ilness, complex convulsions, developmental concerns, post octal neurological signs - what would you be worried about ?

A

epilepsy

16
Q

why is being less than 2 a red flag?

A

children this age often show the classic signs and symptoms of meningitis

17
Q

what medication should be given if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes?

A

rectal or buccal midazolam

18
Q

when do you phone 999?

A

if the seizure hasn’t stopped
on going twitching
another seizure starts
any time you feel appropriate

19
Q

in terms of future risks in of febrile convulsions, what increases the risk of future febrile convulsions ?

A

first episode at age under 18 months
family history
convulsions associated with low grade fever

20
Q

is there any place for medicines in febrile convulsions?

A

no

21
Q

risk of epilepsy from febrile convulsion

A

2.4%

22
Q

risk in complex?

A

6-8 percent

23
Q

how would you describe the risk to a baby of developing epilepsy?

A

low but ever so slightly higher than the population average

24
Q

overall prognosis of febrile convulsions

A

very good