Congenital Heart Disease * Flashcards
What happens with Transitional Circulation?
There’s a closure of shunts, an increase in systemic vascular resistance, decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and anatomic separation of circulatory paths of right and left sides of the heart.
What is cyanosis congenital heart lesions characterized by?
Blue-purple discolouration of skin and mucous membrane. It’s caused by elevated deoxygenated hemoglobin. The deoxygenated blood is shunted from the right to the left side, bypassing lungs.
What is acyanotic congenital heart lesions characterized by?
It includes intracardiac or vascular stenosis, valve regurgitation and left to right shunting at atrial, ventricular or great vessel level.
What’s atrial septal defect?
It’s persistent opening in the interatrial septum after both. The foramen oval is the most common site.
What’s patent ductus arteriosus?
Ductus arteriosis is a vessel connection from left pulmonary artery to fetal’s descending aorta and PDA is the failed closure of this after birth
What’s eisenmenger syndrome?
It’s the reversal of left to right shunt. So it is cyanotic.
What is coarctation of the aorta?
It’s the narrowing of the aortic lumen. LV has increased afterload and flow to descending aorta and lower extremities is diminished.
What’s tetralogy of fallot?
It’s a single developmental defect. It’s characterized by 4 anomalies.
- over-riding aorta
- right ventricular hyperteophy
- subvalvular pulmonic stenosis
- malignment of interventricular septum
What’s the most common cyanotic disease?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What’s the pathophysiology of Tetrology of Fallot?
It’s increased resistance by subvalvular pulmonic stenosis. Deoxygenated blood shunted fromRV to systemic circulation causing cyanosis and systemic hypoexmia.
What’s transposition of the great arteries?
It’s when each great blood vessel inappropriately arises from the opposite ventricle. (The aorta originates from the RV and the pulmonary artery originates from the LV)
What’s the pathophysiology of transposition of the great arteries?
Deoxygenated blood returning from the venous circulation to the right ventricle is pumped back into the systemic circulation. Oxygenated blood passes through the left ventricle and goes back to the lungs. This is extreme cyanosis.
